Question

Write a 700 word summary in which you articulate elements of leadership using the following criteria: Differentiate between leadership and management roles, and provide specific examples from the text, literature, or personal example. Cite at least one peer-reviewed source in addition to the course text (be certain to include the web link for your test in your citations). Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Answer 1

According to Henry Ford, Management is getting things done efficiently and effectively with and through other people. “Bringing people together is beginning, working together with people is progress, and keeping people together is the success.”

Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling performance to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources. It is a multi-purpose organ that manages a business, manages manager and manages workers and work.

While leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for the achievement of group goals. Leadership is knowing the path, showing the path and going the path.Leadership is about creating a vision, communicating that vision to one’s followers, and exhorting them to move towards that vision.

Leadership is different from management as:

1.A leader leads people and manager manages people.

2. The leader creates a vision and inspires people to achieve this vision but manager achieves results by directing the activities of others.

3.Leader possesses non-sanctioned influential ability but manager enjoys formally designated authority.

According to Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, leaders are people who do right things and managers are people who do things right. Example:

•When Noah heard the weather forecast he ordered the building of the ark- that was Leadership.Then he looked around and said, “Make sure the elephants don’t see what the rabbits are up to." - that was Management.

Functions of Management include:

•Planning: The process of establishing goals and a suitable course of actions for achieving those goals. “Think good is wise, plan good is wiser, and do good is wisest and best of all.” - Persian Prover “To fail to plan is to plan to fail".

•Organizing: The process of engaging people in working together in a structured way to achieve a specific goal or set of goals.

•Staffing: The process of filling and keeping filled the positions in the organization structure.

•Directing: The process of directing and influencing the task-related activities of group members or an entire organization. “Directing (leading) is knowing the way, showing the way and going the way.”

•Controlling: The process of ensuring that actual activities conform to activities.

One way to appreciate the importance of management in organizations may be by looking at some of the mistakes an organization does not want to make while managing its men. One does not want, for example, to

• Hire unsuitable and wrong persons for the jobs

• Experience high attrition and turnover of its employees

• Waste money and time in conducting a useless selection process

• Take organization to court for its discriminatory activities

• Allow committing unfair employment practices

• Make employees think their compensation as inequitable in relation to other employees in the organization

What is Leadership?

• If we compare organization like a vehicle and motivation its power or fuel, leadership is driving, a leader is the driver of an organizational vehicle.

•“Just an orchestra cannot give a performance without the conductor, an organization cannot perform without leadership.”-George K. Terry:

•“Leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group / organizational objectives.”

•Tzu: “If you want to lead the people, walk behind them.”                                        

Attributes of Successful Leadership:

•The best example of leadership is leadership by example.

•A leader is one who knows the way, shows the way, and goes the way.

• The function of leadership is to produce more leaders, not more followers.

•The leader takes people where they want to go – A great leader takes people where they don’t necessarily want to go, but ought to go.

•Management is doing things right – Leadership is doing the right things.

•He that cannot obey, cannot command.

Ten Commandments of Good Leadership:

1. Personal Credibility,

2.Great Teachers and Great Coaches

3. Work Both Hard and Smart

4. Know Where to Lead and Where to Step Back (Prof. Satish Dhawan)

5. Face Reality, Do Not Dither

6. Keep Renewing Themselves: (Azim renji studies 5-6 Hourrs daily.)

7. Avoid Cynics and Have Optimists

8. Do the Best and Leave the Rest

9. Never Stop, Take One Step Up Always:

Theories of leadership:

Trait Theory (propounded by J. Kelly)

Leadership traits include aspects like height, weight, physique, good health, good appearance, intelligence, scholarship, good judgment, self-confidence and so on.

Fiedler’s Contingency Theory

The success of leadership depends on the situation in which the leader operates. According to Fiedler, leader’s effectiveness depends on the following three situations:

1. Leader-follower Relationship - Degree of followers’ trust, confidence, and respect for the leader.

2. Task Structure- nature of task performed by the subordinates.

3.   The Status Power: Degree of power associated with the position.

•Its validity is not accepted.

•Lack of consistent traits emerged from research studies.

•Difficult to measure some traits.