Question

Discuss the composition of blood plasma

Answer 1

Blood plasma.

When when the formed elements are removed from blood, a straw coloured liquid called blood plasma is left. Blood plasma is about 91.5% water and 8.5% salute, most of which (7% by weight) are protein. Some of the proteins in the blood plasma are also found elsewhere in the body, but those confined to blood are called plasma protein. Hepatocytes synthesise most of the plasma protein, which include the albumin (54% of Plasma protein), globulin(38%), and fibrinogen (7%). Certain blood cells develop into cells that produce Gamma globulin, an important type of globulin. These plasma protein are also called antibodies or immunoglobulins because they are produced during certain immune responses. Foreign substances such as bacteria and virus stimulate production of million of different antibodies. An antibody binds specifically to the antigen that stimulated its production and thus disable the invading antigen.

Besides protein, order solutes in plasma include electrolyte, nutrient, regulatory substances such as enzyme and hormones, gases and waste products suggest urea uric acid creatinine Ammonia and Bilirubin.

Formed elements.

The the formed elements of the blood include three principal component. Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet. RBC and WBC whole cells; platelets are cell fragments. RBC and platelets have just a few rules, but WBCs have a number of specialised functions. Several distinct type of WBC -neutrophils, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophils and basophil - each with unique microscopic appearance.

1) red blood cells

2) white blood cells

A) granular leukocytes.

Neutrophil

Eosinophils

Basophils

B) agranular leukocytes

T and B Lymphocytes and natural killer cells

Monocytes

3) platelets

The percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC is called hematocrit. Haematocrit of 40 indicates that 40% of the volume of blood is composed of RBC. The normal range of haematocrit for Adult female is 38 to 46% and for adult males 40 to 54%. The hormone testosterone present in much higher concentration in male than in females, stimulates synthesis of erythropoietin, the hormone that intern stimulate production of RBC.Thus, testosterone contributes to higher haematocrit in male. Lower value in women during their reproductive years also may be due to excessive loss of blood during menstruation.