Question

In the qualitative analysis scheme, magnesium and nickel precipitate from solution upon the addition of sodium hydroxide. Once separated from the remaining cations by filtration or decanting, the solid mixture is acidified and warmed to dissolve magnesium and nickel cations back into solution. Adding ammonia creates a buffer solution. (Remember, HCl and NH₃ makes for NH₄⁺ cation.) The buffered solution should just be basic (say, pH = 8). Adding sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄) precipitates magnesium as MgNH₄PO₄ (K_sp = 3 x 10^-13).

a. Write the K_sp expression for the dissociation of MgNH₄PO_4.

b. Calculate the molar solubility of the compound in pure water.

c.Calculate the [NH₄⁺] in a pH of 8.

d. Calculate the molar solubility of MgNH₄PO₄ in a solution with pH of 8_.

Answer 1

Adding ammonia creates a buffer solution. (HCl and NH3 makes for NH4+ cation.)

The buffered solution should just be basic (pH = 8).

NH3 -------------> NH4+ ; Kb = 1.8 x 10^-5

pKb = -log(1.8 x 10^-5) = 4.74

pOH = 14 -pH = 14-8= 6

pOH = 6

Henderson equation for ammonia buffer solution

pOH = pKb + Log([NH4+]/[NH3])

6 = 4.74 + log ([NH4+]/[NH3])

[NH4+]/[NH3] = 18.2

Adding sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) precipitates magnesium as MgNH4PO4 (Ksp = 3 x 10-13).

Mg2+ + NH3 + HPO4(2-) -----------> MgNH4PO4

a)

MgNH4PO4(s) -------------> Mg2+(aq) + NH3(aq) + HPO4(2-)(aq)

Ksp = [Mg2+][NH3][HPO4(2-)] = 3 x 10^-13

b)
Let the solubility is S

MgNH4PO4(s) -------------> Mg2+(aq) + NH3(aq) + HPO4(2-)(aq)

                                           S               S               S
                                         
Ksp = [Mg2+][NH3][HPO4(2-)]

3 x 10^-13 = S^3

S = 6.7 x 10-5 M

molar solubility of the compound = 6.7 x 10-5 M

c)

NH3 + H2O   -----------------> NH4+ +   OH-

[OH-] = 10^-pOH = 10^-6

         = 1 x 10^-6 M

[OH-] = [NH4+]

[NH4+] = 1 x 10^-6 M