Question

The data in the following table show the association between cigar smoking and death from cancer for 138,033 men.​ Note: current cigar smoker means cigar smoker at time of death.

	Died From Cancer	Did Not Die from Cancer
Never smoked Cigars	673	124,044
Former Cigar Smoker	95	7,801
Current Cigar Smoker	151	5,269

(A) If an individual is randomly selected from this study, what is the probability that he died from cancer?

​(Round to three decimal places as​ needed.)

(B) If an individual is randomly selected from this study, what is the probability that he was a current cigar smoker?

​(Round to three decimal places as​ needed.)

(C) If an individual is randomly selected from this study, what is the probability that he died from cancer and was a current cigar smoker.

​(Round to three decimal places as​ needed.)

(D) If an individual is randomly selected from this study, what is the probability that he died from cancer or was a current smoker?

​(Round to three decimal places as​ needed.)

Answer 1

(A) If an individual is randomly selected from this study, what is the probability that he died from cancer?

​(Round to three decimal places as​ needed.)

Answer

number of people who from cancer = 673+151+95 = 919

total number of people = 124044 + 7801+ 5269 + 673+151+95 = 138033

Required probability = (number of people who from cancer)/total

= 919/138033

= 0.007

(B) If an individual is randomly selected from this study, what is the probability that he was a current cigar smoker?

​(Round to three decimal places as​ needed.)

Answer

number of people who current cigar smokers = 151+5269 = 5420

total number of people = 124044 + 7801+ 5269 + 673+151+95 = 138033

Required probability = (number of people who are current cigar smokers )/total

= 5420/138033

= 0.039

(C) If an individual is randomly selected from this study, what is the probability that he died from cancer and was a current cigar smoker.

​(Round to three decimal places as​ needed.)

Answer

number of people who were  died from cancer and was a current cigar smoker.  = 151

total number of people = 124044 + 7801+ 5269 + 673+151+95 = 138033

Required probability = (number of people who were  died from cancer and was a current cigar smoker)/total

= 151/138033

= 0.001

(D) If an individual is randomly selected from this study, what is the probability that he died from cancer or was a current smoker?

​(Round to three decimal places as​ needed.)

number of people who were  died from cancer or was a current cigar smoker.  = (151+5269)+(673+95+151)-151 = 6188

total number of people = 124044 + 7801+ 5269 + 673+151+95 = 138033

Required probability = (number of people who were  died from cancer or was a current cigar smoker)/total

= 6188/138033

= 0.045