A central principle in our discussion of development was the genotype-phenotype map. All organisms must have...

A central principle in our discussion of development was the genotype-phenotype map. All organisms must have a genotype phenotype map, including both unicellular and multicellular organisms. (i) Briefly state in 1-3 sentences how the genotype-phenotype map must change during the transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms. One phenotype of fundamental importance in evolution is fitness and its two components: survival and reproduction. Using the volvocine green algae as an example of the evolution of multicellularity, (ii) discuss how the genotype-phenotype map for survival and reproduction could be created at the cell-group level when initially the map is present at the cell level. Be sure to discuss two of the genes involved and how these genes may have originated.

Expert Solution

Ans 1: Main stages associated with transitions

Group formation: Group formation is associated with developmental activities and increase in functionality of an organism.
Emergence of reproductive altruism among group: The reproductive altruism and individuality is produced in the larger members of the volvocine group.
Cell specialization: The specialization in the group of cells is necessary so as to perform specific perform a special function. Eg parietal cell development.

Ans 2: The understanding between genotype and phenotype is necessary in order to understand evolving system. The identification of logical functions is necessary to evaluate complex functions. The total count of novel phenotypes which can reach by genotypic change is greatest for organisms with simple phenotypes.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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