In: Accounting
C. Ratio analysis
The process of looking at the relationships between different account balances in the financial statements can be described as ratio analysis. Ratio analysis is used to assess the profitability, performance, liquidity, and solvency of the business. Ratio analysis is used to find out the trends between different time periods (Horizontal analysis), comparisons between businesses or business units, or simply assess the current performance or position.
The word ''Trend'' can be used in a broader sense not only limited to performance or activity but even for indicating the positive or negative trend in the liquidity or solvency positions.
In this context, options (a) activity analysis(asset utilization or operating efficiency), and (b) profitability(It also provides negative or positive trends) are subparts of rato analysis.
(d) Vertical analysis is a common size analysis that compares the relationship of several accounting balances with that of a single accounting balance.