what are the steps involved in the metastatic cascade?

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There are five main steps involved in metastatic cascade:

Invasion and Migration: Metastasis is started through invasion and migration where cancer cells enter the basement membrane and navigate as solitary cells or via collectively via the stromal microenvironment, respectively.
Angiogenesis and Intravasation: Tumor angiogenesis refers to the development of nascent vasculature throughout tumor progression, permitting delivery of nutrients and oxygen and the removal of waste. Intravasation is the process by which cells penetrate the vasculature.
Survival and attachment to the endothelium: After reaching of few cancer cells to the circulation, fewer cells endure the hemodynamic shear forces, red blood cell collisions, and immune stresses. The circulating tumor cells (CTC) capture in a vessel and extravasate.
Extravasation: Following arrest inside a blood vessel, cancer cells should extravasate from the blood vessel.
Colonization: The cells after extravasation must reach to new sites where they colonize.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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