1. For each process, predict the sign of U, q, and w: a. An ideal gas...

1. For each process, predict the sign of U, q, and w:

a. An ideal gas expanding in the vacuum of outer space

b. A real (not-ideal) gas expanding in the vacuum of outer space

c. A read (not-ideal) gas expanding in our atmosphere

d. A muscle cell using anaerobic oxidation to bench-press 200 lbs.

e. Nitromethane combustion being used to power a top-fuel dragster.

f. External voltage being used to charge a lithium battery (which is an endothermic reaction).

Solutions

Expert Solution

1.a. this is an irreverisble and isothermal free expansion process.

so, U = f(T), therefore, , and it is free expansion, so work done (w) = 0 and from first law of thermodynammics q =0

1.b. this is also an irreverisble isothermal free expansion process.

so, U = f(T), therefore, , and it is free expansion, so work done (w) = 0 and from first law of thermodynammics q =0

1.c. this is irreversible expansion. here, work will done by the system, therefore w = -ve (negative) [ -w = p(V2-V1) and V2> V1, where V is the volume]. system will absorb heat to do the work, q = + ve. therefore, sign of will be = +ve

queen_honey_blossom answered 1 year ago

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