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Predict the sign of the entropy change for each of the following processes and give your...

Predict the sign of the entropy change for each of the following processes and give your reasoning why:

1. Solid sugar is added to water to form a solution.

2. Iodine vapor condenses on a cold surface to form crystals.

3. N₂(g) + 3H₂ (g) 2 NH₃(g)

4. H₂O(l) H₂O(g)

5. CaCO₃(s) CaO(s) + CO₂(g)

6. NH₄NO₃(s) + H₂O(l) NH₄⁺ (aq) + NO₃^- (aq)

7. freezing of water

8. boiling of water

9. crystallization of salt from a supersaturated solution

10. the reaction 2 NO(g) → N2O2(g)

11. the reaction 2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(g)

12. Fe(s) → Fe(l)

13. 2 Fe(s) + 3/2 O2(g) → Fe2O3(s)

14. HF(l) → HF(g)

15. 2 H2O2(l) → 2 H2O(l) + O2(g)

16. H2O(l) -> 2 H2(g) + O2(g)

17. CO_(g) + 3 H_2(g)-> CH_4(g) + H₂O_(g)

18. 2 NaHCO_3(s) ---> Na₂CO_3(s) + H₂O_(g) + CO_2(g)

19. CO(g) + H₂O(g) ----> CO₂(g) + H₂(g)

20. CaCO₃(s) ----> CaO(s) + CO₂(g)

21. 2NH₃(g) + CO₂(g) ----> NH₂CONH₂(aq) + H₂O(l)

22. 2Na₂O₂(s) + 2H₂O(l) ---> 4NaOH(aq) + O₂(g)

23. C₂H₅OH(l) + 3O₂(g) ---> 2CO₂(g) + 3H₂O(g)

Plz let me know how you did it.

Simple description is the best

Thanks

Solutions

Expert Solution

1. Solid sugar is added to water to form a solution.--------------> positive

dissolution increases randomness

2. Iodine vapor condenses on a cold surface to form crystals.----------------> negative

vapour to liquid randomness decreases, so entropy decreases

3. N₂(g) + 3H₂ (g) -------------> 2 NH₃(g) ----------------> negative

4 moles reactants , 2 moles products moles decreases, so entropy decreases

4. H₂O(l) ----------------> H₂O(g) -----------------> positive

liqiud to gas more random

5. CaCO₃(s) --------------> CaO(s) + CO₂(g) -----------------> positive

solid to gas more random more entropy

6. NH₄NO₃(s) + H₂O(l) ---------------> NH₄⁺ (aq) + NO₃^- (aq) -----------------> positive

7. freezing of water ----------------> negative

8. boiling of water -------------------> positive

9. crystallization of salt from a supersaturated solution --------------------> negative

10. the reaction 2 NO(g) → N2O2(g) --------------------> negative

11. the reaction 2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(g) --------------------> negative

12. Fe(s) → Fe(l) --------------------> postive

13. 2 Fe(s) + 3/2 O2(g) → Fe2O3(s) --------------------> negative

14. HF(l) → HF(g) --------------------> positive

15. 2 H2O2(l) → 2 H2O(l) + O2(g) --------------------> negative

16. H2O(l) -> 2 H2(g) + O2(g) --------------------> positive

17. CO_(g) + 3 H_2(g)-> CH_4(g) + H₂O_(g) --------------------> negative

18. 2 NaHCO_3(s) ---> Na₂CO_3(s) + H₂O_(g) + CO_2(g) --------------------> positive

19. CO(g) + H₂O(g) ----> CO₂(g) + H₂(g) --------------------> no change

20. CaCO₃(s) ----> CaO(s) + CO₂(g) --------------------> positive

21. 2NH₃(g) + CO₂(g) ----> NH₂CONH₂(aq) + H₂O(l) --------------------> negative

22. 2Na₂O₂(s) + 2H₂O(l) ---> 4NaOH(aq) + O₂(g) --------------------> positve

23. C₂H₅OH(l) + 3O₂(g) ---> 2CO₂(g) + 3H₂O(g)------------------> positive

note : common point in all

enrtopy increases in the following case

1) conversion of solid to liquid , liquid to gas

2) moles of product increases

3) phase change

queen_honey_blossom answered 1 month ago

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