Question

1. The nurse is caring for a patient who is dehydrated (fluid volume deficit) as a result of vomiting. The nurse would anticipate which of the following lab data? Select all that apply.

A. Elevated specific gravity

B. Hct of 58%

C. Increased BNP

D. Potassium 3.2 mEq/L

E. Urine dark amber

2. The nurse is caring for an elderly patient who is dehydrated as a result of vomiting. The nurse would anticipate which of the following clinical manifestations? Select all that apply.

A. Complaining of thirst

B. Increased skin turgor

C. Decreased level of consciousness

D. Bradycardia

E. Light colored urine

F. Complains of dry mouth

3. The nurse is caring for a patient that is dehydrated as a result of vomiting. The nurse would anticipate which of the following ways for the body to respond? Select all that apply.

A. Increased ADA secretion

B. Vasodilation

C. Increased aldosterone secretion

D. Stimulation of the hypothalamus

E. Inhibition of cortisol and ACTH

4. The lab calls and reports that a patient’s potassium level is 5.7 mEq/L. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse?

A. Assess for edema

B. Notify the health care provider

C. Evaluate the heart rate

D. Perform the Trousseau’s test

5. The nurse is evaluating the patient’s lab data and notes the calcium value is low and the phosphorus value is elevated. What is the best explanation for this?

A. Calcium is primarily intracellular and phosphorus is primarily extracellular

B. Calcium and phosphorus have an inverse relationship

C. Calcium and phosphorus have a synergistic relationship

D. Calcium is pulled into the cell to maintain a normal phosphorus level

Answer 1

1. Correct answers are-  

Elevated specific gravity due to concentration of urine

HCt 58% because of decrease plasma volume hct has increased.... Due to dehydration

Potassium level is 3.2mEq/ L because dehydration leads to increase ADH secretion... This causes increases sodium and water retention as a result potassium is lost ....

Urine is dark amber due to concentration....

BNP increased is incorrect becausesecreted in volume overload conditions like cardiac failure...

2). Complaining of thirst

Decreased level of consciousness

D. Bradycardia

. Complains of dry mouth...

Skin turgor is decreased in dehydration and urine is dark colored so option B and E are incorrect

3).

Increased ADHsecretion - correct as dehydration leads to release of ADH from posterior pituitary for sodium and water retention ...

B. Vasodilation incorrect dehydration causes vasoconstriction systemically .. perfusion is increased by vasodilation only to vital organs like heart , kidney etc..

C. Increased aldosterone secretion - correct for sodium and water retention

D. Stimulation of the hypothalamus- correct as thirst centre is stimukated

E. Inhibition of cortisol and ACTH correct as aldosterone production causes begative feedbcak on cortisol production...

4).Answer is evaluate the heart rate.. as potassium level is increased... Since normal value is 3.6-5.2.. and hyperkalemia causes cardiac depression by conduction blocking .

5). Correct answer is Calcium and phosphorus have an inverse relationship....

Phosphorus is also intracellular as present in nucleotide , ATP, proreins etc...