Question

In: Nursing

1. What are the characteristic changes in vital signs for fluid volume deficit caused by diarrhea?...

1. What are the characteristic changes in vital signs for fluid volume deficit caused by diarrhea?

2. What are the clinical manifestations of fluid volume deficit?

3. What types of drugs are administered for diarrhea?

4. Pathophysiology of fluid diarrhea.

5. Review the disease process involving fluid volume deficit, especially dehydration due to diarrheal episodes.

6. Describe the strengths and reasons associated with evidence-based practice for diarrheal treatments while ensuring patient-centered care is achieved.

Solutions

Expert Solution

Diarrhea is characterized by loose, watery stools or a frequent need to have a bowel movement. It usually lasts a few days and often disappears without any treatment. Diarrhea can be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea occurs when the condition lasts for one to two days.

Fluid volume deficit related to diarrhea and vomiting secondary to gastroenteritis as evidenced by decreased skin turgor, low blood pressure, and decreased urine output.

There are a variety of signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit, including dizziness, dry mouth and skin, thirst or nausea, low blood pressure, and an increased heart rate.

Most Popular Diarrhea Drugs

  • Sulfatrim (sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim)
  • Flagyl (metronidazole)
  • Lomotil (diphenoxylate / atropine)
  • Lloperamide
  • Xifaxan
  • Vancocin (vancomycin)
  • Firvanq
  • Aemcolo
  • Alinia
  • Dificid
  • Imodium A-D (loperamide a-d)
  • Motofen
  • Xermelo
  • Mytesi
  • Opium

Pathophysiology

Diarrhea occurs when secretion of water into the intestinal lumen exceeds absorption. This change results in prolonged opening of the chloride channels that are instrumental in secretion of water from the crypts, allowing uncontrolled secretion of water.

Diarrhea can cause dehydration (when the body loses large amounts of water), electrolyte imbalance (loss of sodium, potassium and magnesium that play a key role in vital bodily functions) and kidney failure (not enough blood/fluid is supplied to the kidneys).

  Prevention of diarrhoea includes:

  • Access to safe drinking-water.
  • Use of improved sanitation.
  • Hand washing with soap.
  • Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life.
  • Good personal and food hygiene.
  • Health education about how infections spread.
  • Rotavirus vaccination.

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