Question

For blood to reach the glomeruli in the outer portion of the kidney, it must pass through the

a. renal sinus in the renal medulla

b. renal pyramids of the renal medulla

c. renal columns of the renal medulla

d. renal columns of the renal cortex

All proximal and distal convoluted tubules of nephrons are situated in the

a. renal cortex

b. renal pelvis

c. renal capsule

d. renal medulla

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed by cells in the

a. efferent arteriole and proximal convoluted tubule

b. afferent arteriole and the distal part of the ascending limb

c. efferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule

d. afferent arteriole and the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 1

1) For blood to reach the glomeruli in the outer portion of the kidney, it must pass through the :-

(d) Renal columns of renal cortex.

The blood supply of kidney :-

From Aorta

⬇️

Renal artery

⬇️

Segmental artery

⬇️

Interlobar artery

⬇️

Arcuate artery

⬇️

Interlobular Artery

⬇️

Afferent arterioles

⬇️

Glomerular capillaries

The interlobar arteries pass through the renal columns to reach the glomerular capillaries. These renal columns are bundles of tissues that lie between the pyramids and extend from renal Cortes towards the renal sinus.

Options (a) & (b) are incorrect since these interlobar arteries which further branch to supply glomerulus are present in renal columns.

Options (c) is incorrect since renal columns are present in cortex not in medulla. Renal columns are medullary extensions of renal cortex in between renal pyramids.

Thus the correct answer is (d) Renal columns of renal cortex.

2) All proximal and distal convoluted tubules of nephrons are situated in the :-

(a) Renal cortex.

Renal cortex is the outer part of the kidney which contains renal corpuscle, Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), distal convoluted tubule (DCT).

The renal medulla contains loop of Henle and the collecting ducts.

Renal pelvis and the capsule donot contain nephrons.

So options (b), (c), (d) are incorrect.

Thus the correct answer is (b) renal cortex.

3) The juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed by cells in the :-

(b) afferent arteriole and the distal part of the ascending limb.

Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a specialised Structure formed by afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule which regulate blood pressure and filtration rate of glomerulus.

Options (a) & (c) are incorrect since it is nor formed by efferent arteriole.

Option (d) is incorrect since proximal convoluted tubule donot form JG appratus.

So the correct answer is (b) afferent arteriole and the distal part of the ascending limb.