Question

describe two enzymes found in the mouth, two enzymes found in the stomach, and two enzymes found in the small intestines and describe one organic compound that each enzyme breaks down.....i need a good and understandable explanation , answer for this question ,thank u

Answer 1

Answer:

Oral cavity/mouth is the first segment of the alimentary canal. The different nutrients we eat include the carbohydrates, fats and the proteins. These are made of the different organic compounds and they get digested within the different parts of the alimentary canal facilitating their absorption by the different components.

1. Digestive enzymes released in the oral cavity:

There are three pairs of the salivary glands which release their secretions called as saliva. Saliva contains the carbohydrate digesting enzyme; salivary amylase. Nearly 30% of the total carbohydrate gets digested within the oral cavity.

Starch (30%) under the action of salivary amylase gets digested into sucrose+ galactose

The second enzyme which gets released within the oral cavity/mouth is the Lingual lipase. This is a digestive enzyme which performs the digestion of the fats/lipids. They get released from the serous glands which are located at the base of the tongue. The mechanism of their digestion is as given below:

Dietary lipids/fats under the action of the lingual lipase gets digested into the diglycerides+ fatty acids

The oral cavity in turn opens into the pharynx and then esophagus wherein no digestion takes place. The esophagus then opens into the stomach wherein the gastric juices get released and they help in the process of digestion of food as they contain the digestive enzymes.

2. Digestive enzymes released in the stomach:

The gastric juice contains a zymogen (inactive protein digesting enzyme) named Pepsinogen. It helps in the process of protein digestion and thus in order to help perform the protein digestion they first need to get converted into their active forms by the action of activator; HCl

Inactive pepsinogen gets acted upon by the HCl and then changes into active form; pepsin. Pepsin thus acts on the dietary proteins and changes them to the intermediate form; proteoses+peptones

The second enzyme which gets released in the gastric epithelium is the gastric lipase and it along with the lingual lipase constitutes the acidic group of the lipases which performs the digestion of the dietary lipids. Together they constitute nearly 30% of the total lipases present within the human body. The mechanism of their digestion is as given below;

Dietary lipids/fats under the action of the lingual lipase gets digested into the diglycerides+ fatty acids

3. Digestive enzymes released in the small intestine:

Small intestine is the part of the alimentary canal wherein the process of digestion gets completed. This happens because the hepatopancreatic duct carrying the juices from the liver as well as pancreas opens into the duodenum of the small intestine. Also, the intestinal epithelium itself contains the intestinal glands which comprises of a number of digestive enzymes. The action of two such digestive enzymes is described as below:

Sucrase is a digestive enzyme which is present in the intestinal juices and it digests the sucrose formed due to the action of salivary amylases within the oral cavity. Sucrase causes hydrolysis of the sucrose and converts that into glucose and fructose. The formation of these simplest sugars marks the completion of the digestion of the carbohydrates within the duodenum of the small intestine.

Sucrose acted by sucrose and thus forms glucose+ fructose. Thus digestion of carbohydrates gets completed

Also, the intestinal epithelium is known to release a digestive enzyme named dipeptidases which acts upon the proteoses and peptones and converts them into the amino acids which are the simplest absorbable forms of the protein digestion.

Proteoses+ peptones acted upon by the dipeptidases leads to formation of the amino acid+ amino acid.

Thus, these were a list of different digestive enzymes released from the different regions of the alimentary canal like oral cavity, stomach, and the small intestine thus helping in the process of digestion.