Question

What is a landmark for the scapula? What is a landmark for ilium? What is a landmark for the humerus?

Answer 1

A landmark with respect to a bone is defined as to be an area that lies within the upper epithelial surface of the human skin within which the bones are in very close proximations and also can be analyzed easily for their presence.

Scapula, Ilium, and Humerus are all bones. Their landmarks with respect to their proximation on the skin surface are as given below;

a) Scapula: Scapula is also called as the shoulder bone and it along with the clavicle (collar bone) forms the pectoral girdle of the body. They together help in the attachment of the arm bone humerus to the main axis of the body. The main and significant landmark of the bone is the presence of a shallow cavity called as Glenoid fossa within the glenoid cavit. It helps associate humerus to them and thus the main body axis

b) Ilium:The innominate/hip bone is made from the fusion of three bones namely; the ilium, ischium, and the pubis. The important landmarks associated with the ilium are the ASIS (Anterior superior iliac spine), AIIS (Anterior inferior iliac spine), the iliac fossa, arcuate line, and a gluteal surface. These are the different regions within the bone which helps in the attaching of different muscles, and other bones thereby forming an articulation point between the different muscles and bones

c) Humerus: Humerus is the bone of the fore arm which gets articulated with the glenoid cavity formed by the clavicle and the scapula of the pectoral girdle. The bone distally gets fused with the radius and the ulna of the fore limbs. The different landmarks present within the bone include the proximal landmark with which the bone articulates into the glenoid cavity. The different components making up the proximal landmarks are the head of the humerus, anatomical neck, greater and lesser tubercles. Also there is a shaft in the humerus which is the main body to which different muscles get themselves attached to and thus acts like a landmark. Distally, the major landmarks present within the humerus are the medial and lateral supraepicondylar ridges which act as a site for the attachment of the arm extensor muscles.

Thus, these are the different landmarks associated with these three different bones.