Describe the series of events that occurs during an action
potential, including the ions involved, how each ion is moved, and
the change in membrane potentials.
• Explain the role of myelin in conduction of action
potentials.
• Explain how neurotransmitters transmit signals across
synapses.
• Distinguish between sensation and perception.
• Describe the function of sensory receptors and list 5 types.
•
Define an action potential. How are the Na+, K+, and Ca+ ions
involved in an action potential? How does the myelin speed up its
transmission?
Define a neurotransmitter. Where are they stored and how do
they relay an action potential message from one cell to the
next?
Define threshold. How do neurotransmitters bring target cells
toward or away from threshold. What happens to the response of the
target cell if threshold is not reached? What happens if threshold
is reached?...
explain how an action potential is generated in a nerve cell. be
sure to incorporate and explain the following terms in to your
response: action potential, repolarization, threshold, resting
potential, depolarization
Label a voltage-versus-time diagram of an action potential with the
ions involved in each phase, the direction of their movement across
the membrane, and the terms depolarize, repolarize, and
hyperpolarize.
Describe, in detail, an action potential including which ions
open and when, and at what point the action potential is generated.
Include the various stages of the action potential as well (ex.
refractory periods)
Describe in detail the action potential of an SA nodal cell of
the heart. Be sure to names the phases, include the main types of
membrane proteins involved, how they are opened, the movements of
ions, and the changes in membrane potential. Explain how this type
of action potential is different from that seen in a skeletal
muscle cell and why the difference(s) are significant.
Ganglionic cells are first cell to develop an action potential
in the visual transduction. Describe the effect of light in
pigments inside rods, how light affects the polarization of
photoreceptors, and how that affects bipolar cells and ganglionic
cells.
PARAGRAPH ANALOGY OF ACTION POTENTIAL
In a single paragraph discuss the process of an action
potential. Explain it in a way that you would tell an
eight year old - using an analogy. I would like to
see you use an analogy and the more creative the better!
Note: You CANNOT use the domino effect or firing a gun as the
analogy.
You must include four (4) of the following terms in your
analogy: all-or-nothing response, axon, resting state, soma...
1. You are attempting to record an action potential from a nerve
but nothing is happening. Can you explain why this might be the
case? You should mention in your answer: current; voltage; ion
concentrations; how action potentials are produced; the affect that
you would expect single and multiple stimulations may have on the
possible recording (summation, refractory periods and tetany).