Describe the sequence of steps for an action potential of one neuronal cell leads to the...

Describe the sequence of steps for an action potential of one neuronal cell leads to the action potential in a postsynaptic cell.

Expert Solution

A resting neuron is in polarised state, it means there is a charge difference across the membrane of a neuron. Positive charge is more outside and negative charge is more inside. This charge difference generates a membrane potential known as the resting membrane potential. The resting membrane potential of a neuron is -70mV. This charge difference is mainly generated by the sodium-potassium ATPase. Sodium-potassium ATPase pumps 3 Na+ ions outside and takes in 2 K+ ions. So, a resting neuron has more K+ ions inside and more Na+ ions outside.
Membrane of a neuron also has sodium and potassium voltage gated channels due to these channels depolarisation and repolarisation takes place. An action potential or a wave of depolarisation is generated when opening of voltage gated channels cause huge influx of Na+ ions. Voltage gated Na+ channels open when the membrane potential reaches threshold potential. Influx of Na+ ions via voltage gated sodium channels first depolarises the membrane near the axon hillock and from the axon hillock wave of depolarisation moves towards the axon terminal. At the axon terminal neurotransmitters are stored in the synaptic vesicles. When the action potential reaches the axon terminals it opens the voltage gated calcium channels and causes influx of calcium ions. Calcium ions cause exocytosis of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Released neurotransmitter then binds to the post-synaptic neuron and generates action potential.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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