Question

1)  Background: Data on infant mortality mortality (measured as deaths per 1,000 under 1 year old) was collected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for the 1990 Demographic Year Book and is provided below. Perform an analysis of variance procedure to determine whether or not the differences in the mortality rates of infants in African, Asian and Middle Eastern countries is statistically significant.

Directions: Perform an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if the differences in the infant mortality rates in African, Asian and Middle Eastern countries is statistically significant.

1. Click on the Data button below to display the data. Copy the data into a statistical software package and click the Data button a second time to hide it.

   Data

   Africa	Asia	MiddleEast
   75	181.6	13
   138	118	110.1
   69	132	68
   74	34	10.7
   48.4	5.1	42
   138	90	11.6
   103	76	46
   142	23	39
   90	26	70
   74	72	71
   83	129	28
   129	105.7
   82	49
   141	11.5
   136	19.4
   105	27
   155	64
   131
   71
   109
   118
   53
   103
   107
   84
   82
   66

2. Choose the correct null and alternative hypotheses.
   • H0: μ1=μ2=μ3H0: μ1=μ2=μ3
     Ha: μ1,μ2,μ3Ha: μ1,μ2,μ3 are not all equal.
   • Ha: μ1,μ2,μ3Ha: μ1,μ2,μ3 are not all equal.
     H0: μ1=μ2=μ3H0: μ1=μ2=μ3
   • H0: μ1≠μ2≠μ3H0: μ1≠μ2≠μ3
     Ha: μ1=μ2=μ3Ha: μ1=μ2=μ3
   • H0: μ1=μ2=μ3H0: μ1=μ2=μ3
     Ha: μ1≠μ2≠μ3Ha: μ1≠μ2≠μ3
3. Compute the test statistic.
   
   Compute the treatment sum of squares (SSTr) and the error sum of squares (SSE) and use them to complete the following ANOVA table. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places).
   

   Source	S.S.	df	M.S.	F
   Treatment
   Error
   Total

4. Compute the p-value. (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)
   
   pp-value =
   
5. Interpret the results of the significance test.
   • The p-value provides little evidence against the null hypothesis. The differences in infant mortality rates of African, Asian and Middle Eastern countries is not statistically significant. From a practical perspective, the infant mortality rate in Africa is approximately 2.2 times the infant mortality rate in the Middle East.
   • The p-value provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis. The differences in the infant mortality rates of African, Asian and Middle Eastern countries is statistically significant. From a practical perspective, the infant mortality rate in Africa is approximately 2.2 times the infant mortality rate in the Middle East.

2)  

For which of the following would it be most appropriate to use an ANOVA to analyze the data?

• A researcher is interested in determining the most effective format for advertising. He randomly assigns 60 people to one of three groups: (1) television commercial, (2) radio commercial, or (3) magazine advertisement. Group members review the commercial and then report whether or not they would buy the product.
• In order to determine the effectiveness of different diet plans, 90 people are randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) low calorie diet, (2) low-fat diet, or (3) low-carb diet. At the end of 60 days, the number of pounds lost was recorded for each of the participants.
• Both A and B.
• Neither A nor B.

Answer 1