Question

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1

In the space provided indicate whether the solute is soluble or insoluble in the various solvents listed in the problem.

In addition, discuss the reasons behind why the solute exhibits the solubility behavior you identified.

Benzophenone is (2 pts)
__________________ in water
__________________ in methanol
__________________ in hexane

Malonic acid is (2 pts)
__________________ in water
__________________ in methanol
__________________ in hexane

Biphenyl is (2 pts)
__________________ in water
__________________ in methanol
__________________ in hexane

1-octanol is (2 pts)
__________________ in water
__________________ in hexane

1-butanol is (1 pts)
__________________ in water
__________________ in hexane

Methanol is (2 pts)
__________________ in water
__________________ in hexane

Answer 1

Benzophenone: Benzophenone, which is largely nonpolar, but possesses a polar carbonyl group, partially soluble in methyl alcohol and hexane but insoluble in water.

Malonic acid:  Malonic acidi s a polar molecule that is also able to ionize, hence soluble in water and methyl alcohol but insoluble in hexane.

Biphenyl: biphenyl is a very nonpolar molecule, hence soluble in hexane but insoluble in water and methyl alcohol.

1-octanol is soluble in hexane but insoluble in water.

1-butanol is partially soluble in hexane and water.

Methyl alcohol is soluble in water and partially soluble in hexane.

explanation for last three alcohols:  Despite having a polar hydroxyl group that can form hydrogen bonds, alcohols become less soluble in water (and more soluble in nonpolar solvents) as the alkyl portion of the alcohol becomes larger.

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