Question

.Microbial evasion of a human host has occurred and as a consequence of this, many effectors of the immune system are recruited and activated. Briefly discuss the specific connections which occur that specifically link the initiation of the innate immune response to an adaptive immune response.

Answer 1

* These immune responses are seen suring the microbial evasion into the body. This mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in blood and immune response to pathogens in body.

* The innate immune system is initiated when the cells of immune system including PMN's , DCs , monocytes and macrophages encounters pathogens. Pathogens are recognised when PRRs bind to the microbial molecules like DNA, RNA, lipopolysaccharide etc. This innate immune response is initiated with in hours for rapid array of defenses against the pathogens.

* Adaptive immune response is antigen-specific immune response and only seen in vertebrates. This antigen specific adaptive immune response was initiated during the first week after the iinfection. This was intiated by foreign antigens in cellular context of the dendritic cells. All cells can express antigens(except erythrocytes) through the function of MHC molecules.