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In: Statistics and Probability

Background: Based on the National Center of Health Statistics, the proportion of babies born at low...

Background: Based on the National Center of Health Statistics, the proportion of babies born at low birth weight (below 2,500 grams) in the United States is roughly .078, or 7.8% (based on all the births in the United States in the year 2002). A study was done in order to check whether smoking by pregnant women increases the risk of low birth weight. In other words, the researchers wanted to check whether the proportion of babies born at low birth weight among women who smoked during their pregnancy is higher than the proportion in the general population. The researchers followed a sample of 400 women who had smoked during their pregnancy and recorded the birth weight of the newborns. Based on the data, the p-value was found to be .119.

Write down the null and alternative hypotheses (Hoand Ha) that are being tested here.

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Based on the p-value, what is your conclusion (use .05 significance level)?

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Can we conclude that the results of this study provide evidence that second-hand smoking does not increase the risk of low birth weight? Why or why not?

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Solutions

Expert Solution

Let p1 and p2 be the true proportion of babies born at low birth weight among women who smoked during their pregnancy and in the general population respectively.

H0: p1 = p2

Ha: p1 > p2

Since, p-value is greater than 0.05 significance level, we fail to reject null hypothesis H0.

We can conclude that there is no strong evidence from the sample data  that true proportion of babies born at low birth weight among women who smoked during their pregnancy is greater than  the proportion in general population.

No, we cannot conclude that the results of this study provide evidence that second-hand smoking does not increase the risk of low birth weight

We conclude that the results of this study provide no evidence that second-hand smoking increase the risk of low birth weight.

orchestra answered 2 years ago
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