Question
In: Chemistry
Based on the data table below, identify a general trend in reaction speed for ketones/aldehydes and...
Based on the data table below, identify a general trend in reaction speed for ketones/aldehydes and provide an explanation for these trends.
| Ketone | MM (g/mol) | Aldehyde | MM (g/mol) | Rxn time (min) | Product (g) | Theoretical | Yield |
| acetone | 58.1 | benzaldehyde | 106.1 | 1.75 | 0.742 | 0.5406 | 137% |
| cyclopentanone | 84.1 | benzaldehyde | 106.1 | 0 | 0.557 | 0.5926 | 94% |
| cyclopentanone | 84.1 | benzaldehyde | 106.1 | 0 | 0.724 | 0.5926 | 122% |
| acetone | 58.1 | cinnamaldehyde | 132.2 | 4 | 0.432 | 0.645 | 67% |
| cyclopentanone | 84.1 | 4-methylbenzaldehyde | 120.2 | 0 | 0.637 | 0.649 | 98% |
| acetone | 58.1 | 4-methoxybenzaldehyde | 136.2 | 18 | 0.618 | 0.661 | 93% |
| cyclopentanone | 84.1 | 4-methoxybenzaldehyde | 136.2 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.713 | 70% |
| cyclopentanone | 84.1 | 4-methoxybenzaldehyde | 136.2 | 0.5 | 1.385 | 0.713 | 194% |
Solutions
Expert Solution
The trend for acetone:
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As you can see with increase in methyl groups attached to the benzaldehyde, the % yield is decreasing
Reason:
the methyl groups are attached to benzaldehyde, the longer the chain the yield of the corresponding product decreases as it is difficult to break the longer methyl chains.
Similarly,
In the first 2 reactions for
the same concentrations of cyclopentanone and benzaldehyde, the
yield is different ... this may be because of the change in
reaction conditions like temperature, reagent etc.
the reactions cyclopentanone and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, for 0 rxn time the yield is greater for the less conc of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde .
with increase in conc of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde the rxn time increases and the yield also increases almost doubles
queen_honey_blossom answered 2 years agoRelated Solutions
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