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In: Statistics and Probability

Callahan (2009) demonstrated that Tai Chi can significantly reduce symptoms for individuals with arthritis. Participants were...

Callahan (2009) demonstrated that Tai Chi can significantly reduce symptoms for individuals with arthritis. Participants were 18 years old or older with doctor-diagnosed arthritis. Self-reports of pain and stiffness were measured at the beginning of an 8-week Tai Chi course and again at the end. Suppose that the data produced an average decrease in pain and stiffness of MD = 8.5 points with a standard deviation of 21.5 for a sample of n = 40 participants. **PLEASE SHOW HOW TO DO ALL WORK WITHOUT A CALCULATOR/USING T-DIST FUNCTION***

a. Use a two-tailed test with α = .05 to determine whether the Tai Chi had a significant effect on pain and stiffness.

b. Compute Cohen’s d to measure the size of the treatment effect.

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