Question

Describe how proteins are imported into mitochondria in detail.

Answer 1

The vast majority of mitochondrial proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins in the cytosol and are imported mainly by a post-translational mechanism. Cytosolic chaperones are involved in guiding the precursor proteins to receptors on the mitochondrial surface.Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol. With the help of cytosolic chaperones, mitochondrial precursor proteins are transferred to the general entry gate of mitochondria, the TOM complex, from where they are subsequently sorted into one of the mitochondrial sub-compartments. The precursors of β-barrel outer membrane proteins require the SAM complex. Preproteins destined for the matrix depend on the presequence translocase (TIM23 complex) and its associated import motor (PAM complex) for their transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Carrier proteins are inserted into the inner membrane with the help of the carrier translocase (TIM22 complex). OM, outer membrane; IMS, intermembrane space; IM, inner membrane.

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