Question

2. Vaccines have been developed to try to combat many different infectious diseases. There are a variety of different types of vaccines which include using weakened viruses, using dead viruses or using a piece of a virus containing the antigens. There are a variety of methods used to introduce the vaccine into your body including injecting the vaccine into your arm (chicken pox), giving you an oral vaccine (cholera) or even inhaling the vaccine (influenza).

1. At the age of 12 months you received a vaccine for Varicella - the vaccine comes in the form of a live but weakened (harmless) virus. How does your body react to the introduction of the virus into your bloodstream (from injection to immunity)?

2. The influenza vaccine can either be injected or given nasally (inhaling). With your knowledge of the circulatory system explain the routes the virus will take in getting to your left atrium in your heart. Use the chambers of the heart in your pathways but ignore the valves.

Answer 1

Ans:- 1). varicella vaccine is given immunise body against chicken pox. varicella vaccine contains attenuated varicella zoster viruses ( virus which cause chicken posx). once virus enter into body it produce immunoglobuling (IgG) humoral immuny response which produce antibody specific to antigen and activate CD8+ T-lymphocyte and CD4+ T-helper cell. CD8+ cell are cytotoxic , they can kill virus directly where as CD4+ helper cell help CD8+ cell and involve indirectly in immune response aginst virus. this antibody and immune response produce in stimuli to vaccine will store in body for long time and when ever we expose to varicella zoster virus our immune system get activated, identify and kill viruses.

2). when influenza vaccine given nasally it goes to lungs through respiratory tract where it gets absorbed into blood steram through pulmonary veins. pulmonary veins takes vaccine to left atria and left ventricle. from there it gets distributed throughout the body through aorta.