Question

6. Compare and contrast the function and structure of the uterine stratum basalis and functionalis.

7. Compare and contrast the structure and function of the vagina and cervix.

Answer 1

Q6)The endometrium is divided into 3 distinct layers:The stratum compactum, the stratum spongiosum and the stratum basalis. The Stratum compactum and the stratum spongialis makes up the stratum functionalis during the first half of the menstrual cycle. The Stratum basalis lies next to myometrium.

During proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle , FSH is released which facilitates endometrium thickening and connective tissues are renewed along with glandular structures.The presence of oestrogen results in endometrial stroma becoming deep ans richly vascularized. These changes take place in Stratum functionalis. However no changes take place in Stratum basalis.

In secretory phase the Stratum functionalis become cork screw shaped and are filled with glycogen.

The Stratum functionalis consist of spiral artrioles however Stratum basalis consist of smooth artrioles.

The Stratum functionalis is slouged off during menses werelse Stratum basalis remains unaffected.

The function of Stratum functionalis is implantantion. It is a temporary tissue werelse Stratum basalis has a base function and is a permanent tissue.

Q7)Structure of cervix:-

It is 2-3cm in length and the lowest and the narrowest section of the uterus.

The lower end of the cervix is buldgy and is called ectocervix.

The opening towards the anterior end is known is internal oricife and the opening towards the birth canal is known as external oricife.

Function of cervix:-

Fertility: The cervix is the channel via which sperm enteres the reproductive track and initiates the process of fertilisation.

Cervical mucus: Several 100 glands produce the cervical mucus which is rich in protien known as mucins as well as minerals such as calcium , sodium etc. The cervical mucus is slight acidic in nature with a pH ranging from 3-3.5 acting as a protective barrier against pathogenic inavison.

Structure of Birth canal:-

It is a tubular , fibromuscular part of femal reproductive track.

It's opening is partially covered with a membraneous tissue hymen.

It is a 7.5-9.0 cm long tubular canal.

It is made up of Stratified squamous epithelium cells with lamina propria underneath it made up of connective tissues.Second is a layer of smooth muscle with circular fiber internal to longitudnal fibers and last is the outer layer of connective tissues called adventitia

The lamina propria is rich in blood vessels and lympahtic vessels.

Function of Birth canal:-

Childbirth: It act as a channel for to provide an opening for the parturition after the end of gestation period.

Transport: It act as a passage for the sperm to reach the cervix and enter the reproductive track to initiate fertilization.