Describe how high dietary sugar diets could promote insulin resistance. Be sure to 1) discuss how...

Describe how high dietary sugar diets could promote insulin resistance. Be sure to 1) discuss how dietary sugar gets digested/absorbed 2) explain the fate of glucose into the muscle cell in insulin-sensitive states then how it could lead to insulin resistance as well as 3) identify how sugar interacts with exercise (before, during and immediately after) to foster movement. Highlight cell mechanisms and key hormones within answers when possible.

Expert Solution

Insulin is the hormone secreted by beta cells of pancreatic islets that helps in glucosw uptake by body cells.
When an individual eats food, the carbohydrates are broken down into polysaccharides in the mouth by the action of salivaty amylase. The polysaccharides are further broken down into monosaccharides like glucose in the stomach and intestine by the help of pancreatic amylase. The monosaccharides like glucose are absorbed by the small intestine and transported into the blood. Presence of glucose in the blood is sensed by pancreas which releases insulin. Insulin acts of the glucose and increases its uptake by the body cells.
In case of excess dietary sugar, the sugar is converted to fructose andstored in liver. This causes fatty liver, inflammation and decreased insulin sensitivity.
When a person exercises, more amount of energy is needed by the muscles. This requires increased supply of glucose to the cells. The glucose in the muscles takes part in respiratory process to release energy.
So exercise increase glucose uptake by the cells.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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