Question

please answer the both question

1) You have studied the rates of reactions while varying several of the initial conditions. Based on the knowledge you have gained, please describe a general set of conditions (concentration, temperature, physical state, presence and/or nature of a catalyst, etc) you might use to maximize the rate of reaction.

2)list at least two reasons lead nitrate is treated with caution in the lab. You might be interested in the safety data sheet (SDS) for lead nitrate.

Answer 1

Exercise 1: Rate of reaction

The rate of reaction is the variation in reactive concentration with opposite sign (-) because reactives are consuming in time. The rate of reaction may be meassure in concentration, number of moles or preassure. It is the variation in number of moles of reactive with opposite sign in time or the variation in pressure with opposite sign in time. To start a reaction, it must be overcome the activation energy. The activation energy is the amount of energy to achieve an activated complex. An activated complex is an unstable molecule in a exitated state. The effective crushes are the colisions among molecules which produce the activate complex.

The orders of reaction of each reactive does not have to be equal to stechiometric coefficient. This only happens in elemental reactions

The rate of reaction can be increased in absolute value by increasing its reactive concentration, preassure of reactives or number of moles of reactives. It can also be increased by increasing temperature  because it increases the number of effective crushes.

A catalyst is a chemical agent which reduces the activation energy without being consumed when the reaction take place. The reaction rate may be increased by using a catalyst.

The physical state should be a dissociate state like gas or liquid to increase the reaction rate because solid state is very heterogeneous to increase the temperature. It depends on the type of solid because molecules are very compress to achieve the activated complex.

Exercise 2:

Pb(NO₃)₂ is cancerigen because it descomposes forming free radicals and toxic because inhibits enzymes.