Question

The distinction between artificial selection and natural selection is important to master. Consider a bacteria that does not cause human disease. Describe these processes using illustrative examples. Your examples may be fictitious, but they need to be realistic and make biological sense.

[2 pts] Describe a specific example in which the bacteria changes (evolves) in a manner that illustrates artificial selection. Your description should contain an explanation.

[2 pts] Describe a specific example in which the bacteria changes (evolves) in a manner that illustrates natural selection. Your description should contain an explanation.

Answer 1

natural selection is the process in which the natural forces select an individual without ay intended goal but made in favor of survival of the fittest. , wheras in case of arificial selection the choice is made by humans whiich has some goal to achieve.

example : the opeation of natural selection , for sickle cell anaemia , individuals with homozygous for the abnormal haemoglobin die at an early age , even in the heterozygous condition red blood cells containg abnormal haemoglobin become sickle shaped and are unable to bind to oxygen efficiently. natuaral selection has not eliminated abnormal allelle becaue it is related to the geographic distribution of abnormal haemoglobin . this variantt is found in areas where malaria is common . these individulas are able to cope up with the disease.

natural selection : antibiotic resistance in bacteria the continous use of antibiotics made bacteria antibiotic resistantt. mutations have occured in bacterial populationthat enabled the bacterial cells (mutant ) to survive in the presence of the drug. in them mutations furish the source of evolutionary changes and the fate of mutant gene is governed by the selection.

artificial selection : in this humans with some some create the selected varieties like to create transgenic plants , agrobacterium plasmid is modified by substituing a selectable markr such as kanamycin resistant gene , so when it infects the plant it passses on this gene , so now the plant is able to grow in the presence of kanamycin.