Question

how to synthesise of choline?

Answer 1

Choline (trimethyl-β-hydroxyethylammonium) is a quaternary ammonium compound with complex role in the various important neurochemical processes.Choline is particularly noteworthy because choline plays the key role in methyl group metabolism, carcinogenesis, and lipid transport as component of lecithin. Choline is a normally produced in a sufficien amounts, however, in the young growing of animals, a +ve growth response can occur upon the addition of choline, commercially available as trimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or as a bitartrate. Choline is generally added to the diets to reduce the need for activated methyl groups supplied by the methionine. It is more economical to add the choline for these methyl groups than to add the methionine.Choline is one of the precursors of the acetylcholine. Choline is also component of sphingomyelin and the lecithin. Formation of betaine from the choline provides important sources of labile methyl groups for the transmethylation reactions. Choline can also be ynthesized de novo from the ethanolamine, when the methionine or dimethylcysteine, or betaine is in the adequate supply. The most abundant source of the choline in diet is lecithin. The primary sign of cholinedeficiency is the fatty liver. In monkeys, dogs, cats, and the rats, it has also been shown that the prolonged choline deficiency results in cirrhosis. In mice and the rats, prolonged deficiency ultimately results in the hepatocellular cancer, a unique example of nutrition deficiency resulting in the neoplasm. Five hundred to the 1000 mg of the choline are often added per kilogram of the diet .