Question

1. The researcher from the Annenberg School of Communications is interested in studying the factors that influence how much time people spend talking on their smartphones. She believes that gender might be one factor that influences phone conversation time. She specifically hypothesizes that women and men spend different amounts of time talking on their phones. The researcher conducts a new study and obtains data from a random sample of adults from two groups identified as women and men. She finds that the average daily phone talking time among 15 women in her sample is 42 minutes (with a standard deviation of 6). The average daily minutes spent talking on the phone among 17 men in her sample is 38 (with a standard deviation of 5). She selects a 95% confidence level as appropriate to test the null hypothesis.

a) Please identify the independent variable for the researcher's hypothesis in the text box below.

b) What is the unit of analysis?

c) What is the alpha?

d) State the research and null hypothesis in symbols. Make sure to be as complete as possible (Using H₁: and H₀:).

Answer 1

a) Please identify the independent variable for the researcher's hypothesis in the text box below.

The independent variable in the study is gender ( male or female )

Reason : here, the test is being conducted for two genders to identify the difference among their calling duration.

b) What is the unit of analysis?

Unit of analysis are the males and females of USA

Reason : unit of analysis is the group or community under study. Here, the test is conducted for males and females in USA.

c) What is the alpha?

The alpha value is 5%

Reason : the confidence level for her research is 95%. The relationship between alpha and confidence interval is

alpha = 100% - confidence interval

here, alpha = 100% - 95% = 5%

d) State the research and null hypothesis in symbols

t_m : be the average time spend by male talking on their smartphones

t_f : be the average time spend by female talking on their smartphones

Null hypothesis, Ho : There is no significant difference among the male and female among the time spend talking on their smartphones

Symbolically, Ho : t_m = t_f

Alternate hypothesis, H1 : There is a significant difference among the male and female among the time spend talking on their smartphones

Symbolically, H1 : t_m t_f