Question

1.What is the difference between left- and right-sided heart failure?

2. Why are phosphodiesterase inhibitors high-alert medications?

3. Why are not all beta blockers indicated in the treatment of heart failure?

4. Are there are any laboratory values specifically related to ACE inhibitor administration that need to be monitored for safe drug administration?

5. Order: cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin) 200 mg, PO, b.i.d.

Available: Ceftin 250 mg/5 mL

How many mL will the patient receive per dose

Answer 1

ANSWER 1: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEFT AND RIGHT-SIDED HEART FAILURE.

LEFT-SIDED HEART FAILURE	RIGHT-SIDED HEART FAILURE
OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD MOVES FROM LUNGS TO THE LEFT ATRIUM AND THEN TO THE LEFT VENTRICLE WHICH PUMPS TO THE REST OF THE BODY.	USED BLOOD THAT RETURNS TO THE HEART MOVES TO THE RIGHT VENTRICLE THROUGH THE RIGHT ATRIUM.THE RIGHT VENTRICLE THEN PUMPS OUT THE BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE LUNGS WHERE IT IS REPLENISHED WITH OXYGEN.
CAUSES SHORTNESS OF BREATH	DUE TO FLUID BACK UP IN VEINS THERE OCCURS SWELLING IN THE ABDOMEN , LEGS AND FEET

ANSWER 2:HIGH-ALERT MEDICATIONS REFER TO THOSE MEDICINES WHICH WHEN USED IN WRONG DOSAGE OR USAGE ,IT CAUSES SIGNIFICANT HARM TO THE PATIENTS.THE PHOSPHODIESTAERASE INHIBITORS ARE EFFECTIVE IN ACUTE APPLICATIONS BUT WHEN USED ON LONG-TERM THERAPY WHICH MAY LEAD TO INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY.

ANSWER 3:CERTAIN BETA-BLOCKERS ARE NOT INDICATED FOR HEART FAILURE BECAUSE IT CAUSES BRADYCARDIA, HEART BLOCK OR HEMODYNAMIC INSTABILITY.BETA-BLOCKERS ARE CONTRA-INDICATED IN THE CASE OF ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE DUE TO THEIR ACUTE NEGATIVE INOTROPIC EFFECTS.

ANSWER4:TO PROCEED WITH ACE( ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) INHIBITORS ADMINISTRATION TO THE PATIENT, IT IS ESSENTIAL TO PERFORM BLOOD TEST TO DETECT THE KIDNEY FUNCTION (CREATININE)AND SERUM POTASSIUM LEVELS.MONITORING OF HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE IS ALSO ESSENTIAL.