Question

Punnett squares use the  ____________  of gametes to determine the genotypes and phenotypes of all possible offspring.

Two laws of probability apply to genetics. The product rule states that the chance of two events occurring  ____________  is equal to the multiplied probabilities of each of those two events occurring  ____________ .

The sum rule adds  ____________  probabilities to determine the  ____________  probability for an event.

When events are described with the word "and", the  ____________  rule is used. Events described using the word "or" often use the  ____________  rule.

The results of one-trait and two-trait crosses, depending upon the  ____________  of the gametes, have certain characteristic ratios that describe the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.

The sum rule is used to determine this value when the results of each  ____________  are added.

Skin color and height are examples of polygenic traits that are controlled by  ____________  sets of alleles.

Polygenic traits are graphically represented as a  ____________ curve.

In polygenic inheritance,  ____________  alleles all code for product and have a  ____________  effect on phenotype.

The effects are additive and result in a  ____________  of phenotypes.

Answer 1

1. Punnett squares use the Genotype of gametes to determine the genotypes and phenotypes of all possible offspring.
2. Two laws of probability apply to genetics. The product rule states that the chance of two events occurring simultaneously is equal to the multiplied probabilities of each of those two events occurring independently.
3. The sum rule adds individual probabilities to determine the total probability for an event.
4. When events are described with the word "and", the product rule is used. Events described using the word "or" often use the sum rule.
5. The results of one-trait and two-trait crosses, depending upon the phenotype of the gametes, have certain characteristic ratios that describe the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
6. The sum rule is used to determine this value when the results of each square are added.
7. Skin color and height are examples of polygenic traits that are controlled by several sets of alleles.
8. Polygenic traits are graphically represented as a bell-shaped curve.
9. In polygenic inheritance, Dominant alleles all code for product and have a quantitative effect on phenotype.
10. The effects are additive and result in a variation of phenotypes.