Question

Discussion Board 2 Prompt: Chap 18&19 How did the strong, centralized states of the second half of the seventeenth century differ from their fifteenth- and sixteenth-century counterparts? What new powers and responsibilities did seventeenth-century states take on? How might the state-building efforts of European powers in the seventeenth century have contributed to the acceleration of globalization that characterized the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

Answer 1

The seventeenth-century way of speaking is a true flowering of commercial commitment and invention during the seventeenth century, for example, Kepler and Galileo and several figures that will revolutionize the way we see the heavens have begun to write and sometimes get into controversy with a particular Galilean Catholic Church, as you worried, though in the late 17th century 1687 Isaac Newton, the man whose theory of gravitation, among other things, came to define the center of how the scientific world became involved with the surrounding physical world they now the history of science, of course, is always told as if they were immediately opposed to the church in theology, the history of Galileo is It is often a case in which he is judged and is being criticized for his scientific discoveries related to the solar system, but what is happening here is not yet
openly hostile to Catholic or Protestant theology, simply take Isaac Newton, for example, One of the most recent things discussed and pointed out is that Isaac Newton Believe or Did not write more pages on topics related to theology in
the Bible, then, really did it in science and has some strange visions here and there, defies part of the understanding of the Trinity, etc. but I would say he was a good theologian, but the traditional idea is that it is in the seventeenth century that everything goes down very quickly, suddenly the church is on the sidelines and this cited scientific revolution ceases faith, which is on the horizon, but still not at stake and the seventeenth century is something of the cusp mark, as we have seen in commerce and other kinds of things related to food and drink, where science is seen in theology and all sorts of these things mingle and mingle with theology and philosophy the Great Turkish War leads to the conquest of most of the Ottoman Hungary by the Habsburgs. and Fontainebleau's decree prohibits Protestantism in France. King Charles II dies during 1690 During the 1600 Siamese Revolution overthrew French influence and virtually severed all ties with the West until the 19th century. and during 1600 and adding the machine invented by pascal. and during 1900, the evangelist Torricelli invented the barometer.

the Renaissance and Reformation kind of the beginning of the modern world so this unit is going to pick up where we
left off at the end of the Middle Ages and take us all the way to the Enlightenment which started in the year
1700 so we're going to cover around 300 years with this unit here on the Renaissance and Reformation now the
the first thing we're going to talk about is the Hundred Years War now this war lasted over a hundred years you imagine
a war lasting that long this was a series of different conflicts between England and France over who would
control the French throne now England and France have historically had been enemies they have pretty much always
hated each other always been fighting each other in different Wars especially with the Hundred Years War which is
basically England versus France for over a hundred years but then all of a sudden in the 20th century during the world
wars they became allies and really have been ever since so kind of a turn of events in history there but this time
there are definitely enemies and the Hundred Years War was all about who would control the French throne so you
have five generations of kings from the English and French rival dynasties fighting for the French throne over the
the course of a hundred and sixteen years and that became known as the Hundred Years War so you have generations
passing the way during this war is just lasting so long consistently the goal is to claim the French throne the English
wanted to usurp it and the French wanted to keep it now both sides brought in allies it was not just England versus
France, for example, Scotland fought for the French because Scotland did not as England and Portugal fought for the
English because Portugal did not like France all right so both sides brought in allies just like happens with a lot of
other wars here so the war was mostly fought in France as you see in the map there the bulk of the fighting took place in France kay you have like the
Battle of Agincourt in 1415 was one of the most well known Wan's they have the Battle of Orleans which is where Joan of Arc fought we'll
talk about her in a minute here but this war was fought mostly in France also a little bit in Great Britain and some as you see on the map in Spain as well so
the results of the Hundred Years War plain and simple of the French one finally after a hundred and sixteen years the French one retained control of
their Kingdom fought it back from the English and the English lost and abandoned all of their territories that they had acquired in France.millions of individuals were killed during the war including many from starvation brought on by the war.
and it has been sent representatives to tell powerful Protestants that Prague and therefore the remainder of Bohemia would be Catholic territory from now on.
Unsurprisingly, the Protestant lords in Prague weren’t terribly happy with this news.
out the window, in the so-called Defenestration of Prague.

During the 16th century, around 1,500 Europeans were on the move encountering a wider world these encounters could take a diversity of
forms they could include trade exploration diplomacy as well as armed clashes these clashes included ones with
the brilliant and expanding Ottoman Empire in the south and the East voyages of exploration took the Europeans to the
distant Americas internally in the political realm change was also coming in the form of new monarchies as they're
called new forms of organization domestically that sought to establish more efficient centralized kingdoms in
places like France Spain and England and in the process challenged older structures of authority especially in
the form of the venerable centuries-old holy roman empire which had had claims to universal rule now challenged the
the period around 1500 was a time of transitions endings as well as new beginnings and for that reason modern
historians have often called this the beginning of the early modern era the Renaissance celebrated a revival of
classical learning while new ideas and literacy were being spread by the printing press a marvelous invention
around 1450 the medieval Christian church had by this time slipped from the very pinnacle of its power achieved
around the 13th century and Christian unity had been badly damaged by the Great Schism of that face from thirteen seventy-eight to fourteen seventeen
concurrently a long-standing series of clashes had also been taking place with the civilization of Islam dating back to
the seventh century but now around 1500 a new era in that contest was dawning as well earlier the Crusades had been part of a Christian attempt to regain the
Holy Land the Crusades had been waged from 1095 to 1291 but it's important to keep in mind that even as such wars were taking place relations could also be
more peaceful they could include trade as well as diplomacy but a startling new factor in this contest arose with
the appearance on the scene of the Ottoman Turks from $12.99 as they pushed aside earlier forms of authority in the
The Middle East represented a new power in this contest and they expanded towards and into Europe as well in 1354
the Ottomans captured Gallipoli and this is a key geopolitical location on an important Geographic feature the Turkish straits are a narrow
opening between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. Globalization is a time in the history of globalization and after the period of archaic globalization and phase of increased commercial ties and cultural change which characterized the duration immediately preceding the advent of so-called modern globalization in the nineteenth century. Globalization is different from modern globalization depend on expansionism, the method of managing world trade, and the level of information exchange and the shift of hegemony to Western Europe, the emergence of large-scale conflicts between powerful nations such as the Thirty Years' War and the emergence of new products. about slaves. Triangular trade has enabled Europe to take advantage of Western Hemisphere resources and the concept of The Columbian Exchange also played a central role in this process. trade and communications related to globalization engaged in a large group that included European, Islamist, Indian, Asian, and Chinese traders, in the Indian Ocean area and the change from globalization to modern globalization was featured by a complex global network based on capitalist and technological exchanges and it has led to a significant collapse in cultural exchange.