Question

Diagram and describe how eukaryotic cellular respiration works. Include a labeled diagram of the appropriate cell structures. Show where each of the main stages of respiration occurs. (Hints: The book shows several diagrams of various parts of cellular respiration. For this question, I’m asking you to create one integrated diagram that shows all the parts of the process in one diagram. Your diagram can clearly show where everything goes, but you’ll need some text to explain the energy involved. Your answer should account for all the ATP, NADH, and FADH2 that are produced and used. Note that there are cycles for these 3 molecules. You don’t need to give the names or structures of all the chemical intermediates involved in glycolysis & the citric acid cycle, but you should know the reactants and final products. Be sure to indicate how each substance crosses membranes when necessary.)

(no bullet points, essay form)

Answer 1

Ans. Cellular respiration are series of chemical processes which involve breakdown of nutrients into byproducts releasing energy. The energy released can be in form of ATP, FADH₂ or NADH.Respiration can be aerobic or unaerobic.In aerobic process the final acceptor of electron is oxygen.

Glucose undergoes series of chemical reaction to form pyruvate in the process known as gylcolysis.Actually 4 ATP are produced but 2 are utilised in preparative phase.so net 2 ATP are produced along with 2 NADH. This pyruvate can then be broken down aerobically or unaerobically depending upon presence of oxygen.If oxygen is present then pyruvate is converted into acetyl coA which then undergoes series of reaction in krebs cycle to form CO₂ .The net gain from one cycle is 3 NADH,1 FADH2 and 1 ATp.So in two cycles(2 pyruvate molecules are produced in glycolysis) it will be 6 NADH, 2FADH2, 2ATP.

Large amount or number of ATP molecules are produced during oxidative phosphorylation.Electrons are transported from one transport chain to other in series of redox reactions.Here FADH2 and NADH give away their electrons and are converted into NAD⁺ and FAD⁺.Oxygen acts as final electron acceptor which accepts protons and is converted into water molecule.As electrons are travelling down their gradient the ATP synthase produces many ATP molecules from H⁺.

Below is the detail diagram of cellular respiration in a cell.GLycolysis occurs in cytoplasm and krebs cycle and oxidative phopdorylation occurs in Mitochondrial matrix and cistrae.