Question

1. Suzie was curious about how productive college sophomores attending Penn State Main campus are in working on a math worksheet when listening to music. She decided to conduct an experiment. She picked five of her closest sophomore friends to participate. She had each of them bring a phone and headphones to listen to music. She gave them all a copy of the same calculus worksheet to work on and timed how long it took them to finish it correctly.

a. List three things wrong with Suzie’s experiment.

2. Explain the difference between a independent variable and a dependent variable. a. Provide an example of each in contexts of an experiment.

3. Give two reasons why ratio measurement is the best measurement system.

4. Define a random sample and convenience sample.

Answer 1

Ans

2- independent variable are those who does not care about anything they have a fixed value dependable variable are those which can be change by changing the terms and conditions.

Like - both of the variable are Co related to each other . They are as cause and results. Here independent variable is cause and dependable variable is result.

3-

In ratio measurement there is always an absolute zero that is meaningful. This means that you can construct a meaningful fraction (or ratio) with a ratio variable. Weight is a ratio variable. In applied social research most "count" variables are ratio, for example, the number of clients in past six months. Why? Because you can have zero clients and because it is meaningful to say that "...we had twice as many clients in the past six months as we did in the previous six months."

It's important to recognize that there is a hierarchy implied in the level of measurement idea. At lower levels of measurement, assumptions tend to be less restrictive and data analyses tend to be less sensitive. At each level up the hierarchy, the current level includes all of the qualities of the one below it and adds something new. In general, it is desirable to have a higher level of measurement (e.g., interval or ratio) rather than a lower one (nominal or ordinal).

4-  Random sampling is a part of the sampling technique in which each sample has an equal probability of being chosen. A sample chosen randomly is meant to be an unbiased representation of the total population. If for some reasons, the sample does not represent the population, the variation is called a sampling error.

Convenience sample a type of non-probability sampling method where the sample is taken from a group of people easy to contact or to reach. For example, standing at a mall or a grocery store and asking people to answer questions would be an example of a convenience sample. This type of sampling is also known as grab sampling or availability sampling. There are no other criteria to the sampling method except that people be available and willing to participate. In addition, this type of sampling method does not require that a simple random sample is generated, since the only criteria is whether the participants agree to participate.