Question

The Mesentery Describe the formation of lymph within that region, relating that to blood vessels within the region and addressing the physical forces that lead to lymph production. How would the lymph that is formed in that region be returned to the blood supply? What vessels and lymph organs would it travel through? For the second part of your discussion imagine that there is a potential pathogen within your identified region - what involvement of other lymph organs or individual immune cells would you expect?

Answer 1

Describe the formation of lymph within that region, relating that to blood vessels within the region and addressing the physical forces that lead to lymph production. How would the lymph that is formed in that region be returned to the blood supply? What vessels and lymph organs would it travel through? For the second part of your discussion imagine that there is a potential pathogen within your identified region - what involvement of other lymph organs or individual immune cells would you expect?

The interstitial fluid is collected through tiny lymph capillaries resulting in formation of lymph which is then transported through lymph vessels and to lymph nodes. They are found throughut the body and involves in cleaning and filtering the lymph through the pores present in the walls of capillaries. Lymph also contains absorbed fat from intestine and actively drains excess fluid from extra cellular space back into blood.The lymphatic system ensures the lymph flow in one direction with the help of thin-walled vessels, valves and by skeletal muscle contraction. Two major ducts of lymphatic vessels are the thoracic duct and the right lymph duct which empties near the heart. The right side of lymph drains into right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct, located in the left side which drains the same and are again emptied into the subclavian veins to return to the blood circulation. The lymphatic system is not a closed system as like the circulatory system. The major lymphoid organ are: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils and also contain other types of cells such as stromal cells for support.

• The primary lymphoid organ PLO: The thymus and the bone marrow and they generate lymphocytes from immature progenitor cells. Bone marrow is responsible for both the creation of T cells and the production and maturation of B cells. The thymus provides an inductive environment for the development of T cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells.
• Secondary lymphoid organs SLO: Lymph nodes and Spleen composed SLO and they maintain mature naive lymphocytes and initiate an adaptive immune response. Spleen helps to synthesize antibodies in its white pulp. It produces immune cells to fight antigens, helps to remove aged and damaged RBC, helps to produce blood cells during fetal life.
• Tertiary lymphoid organs TLO: Lymph node-like structures at peripheral tissues. They are widely seen in  chronic infection, transplanted organs undergoing graft rejection and autoimmune and autoimmune-related diseases.

During infection, the lymph node becomes enlarged, red, or tender and cause lymphadenitis. It can be either localized or generalized. The enlarged lymph node can be felt sometimes in behid the ears.