Question

1. The ovarian ends of the uterine (Fallopian) tubes are covered in finger-like projections, called _______, which draw in an ovulated oocyte towards the uterus.
   1. Fimbriae                                                                      c. Isthmus
   2. Phalanges                                                                   d. Fundus

2. Male reproductive anatomy is derived from pre-existing female reproductive structures in a male fetus; an example of male: female homologous structures would be:
   1. Scrotum: Vagina                                                                       c. Epididymis: Cervix
   2. Glans Penis: Clitoris                                                                 d. Labia: Prostate

3. If a non-pregnant woman began taking high levels of estrogen/progesterone supplemental hormones what notable changes (if any) would occur?
   1. Onset of lactation                                                                     c. Vaginal atrophy
   2. No detectable change                                                            d. Absence of ovulation

4. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the key differences in the physiological process of spermatogenesis & oogenesis is correct?
   1. Spermatogenesis begins during male fetal development
   2. One round of Oogenesis results in the formation of a single viable haploid oocyte
   3. Oogenesis is complete before ovulation occurs
   4. One round of spermatogenesis includes production of 4 diploid sperm (46 chromosomes)

5. Lutenizing hormone (LH) is synthesized in the anterior pituitary gland and is known to stimulate the production of _____________ by the follicular thecal cells of the ovary.
   1. Estrogen                                                                                      c. Androgens
   2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)                                   d. Testosterone

6. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the supportive connective tissue of the female reproductive system?
   1. Tunica Albunignea                                                                   c. Round Ligament
   2. Tunica Vaginalis                                                                        d. Suspensory Ligament

7. Which of the following structures in NOT found in the fully developed late spermatid cell?
   1. Acrosome/Acid Helmet                                         c. Mitochondria packed mid-piece
   2. Flagellum                                                                     d. Excess cytoplasm/cytosol

1. True or False:            The testes are held in the scrotum, where the tension of the skin & the contractile function of the detrusor muscles can keep the gonads slightly ABOVE normal body temp.
   1. True                                                                               b. False

2. Which of the following statements regarding HPV & cervical cancer is NOT correct?
   1. The Gardasil vaccine prevents infection of ALL types of HPV
   2. The Pap smear test is performed to detect pre-cancerous cells of the cervix
   3. The papillomavirus is a type of onco-virus that can transform healthy cells into cancer
   4. HPV is associated with genital warts

3. Which of the following structures is present in a fully developed Graffian/Antral follicle of the ovary?
   1. Zona pellucida                                                           d. Follicular antrum
   2. Corona Radiata                                                          e. Secondary oocyte
   3. All are present (A, B, D, E)                                     f. None are present (A, B, D, E)

Answer 1

1. (a) fimbriae . These are the finger like projections present at the end of the Fallopian tube that help in taking up of the oocyte. Isthmus is thepart of the Fallopian tube before the fundus. Fund us is a dome like structure present above the uterus body.

2. (c) Glans penis: clitoris. These are the correct pair of male and female homologous structures . Both are derived from from the genital tubercle. Scr0tum is homologous to labia majora. Vag!na is homologous to prostatic utricle. Epididymis is homologous to gartner's duct. Cervix is homologous to prostatic utricle. Labia minora is homologous to penile skin and prostate is homologous to paraurethral glands.

3. (d) absence of ovulation. The hormones will interfere with the normal cycle of menstruation and hence can cause inhibition of ovulation. Lactation is caused due to prolactin and vaginal atrophy is caused after menopause or decrease in the estrogen levels.

4. (c)Oogenesis is complete before ovulation occurs. The primary oocytes are formed in the intrauterine life. After puberty these primary oocytes mature just before ovulation although the meiosis is complete only after fertilisation.
spermatogenesis begins after puberty. One round of oogenesis results is formation of a genetically diploid oocyte. Spermatogenesis results in 4 haploid sperms.

5. (d) Testosterone. LH is produced by the antelope pituitary and it stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone. Estrogen is produced by ovaries. Androgens are produced by the gonads. FSH is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates Sertoli cells.

6. (a)Tunica albunignea. It is a membranous covering in the pernis around the corpora cavernos. All other given structures are the supportive connective structures of the female reproductive system.

7. (d) cytoplasm/cytosol. This is present in the initial stages but are scanty in the late spermatid. It is because most of the space is taken up by the nucleus and the acrosome. All other structures are present properly.

8. False. The testis is held in the scr0tum so that the temperature is lower than the body temperature as it will help in the spermatogenesis. Higher temperature is not favourable.

9. (a) is not true for HPV. Gardasil vaccine protects from 70% of all cervical cancers (HPV-6,11,16,18) and 90% of genital warts(HPV-6,11). All other statements are corrects regarding HPV.

10.(c) all the structures (a,b,d,e) are present in a mature graffian follicle.