In: Biology
What is the genetic significance of chromosomes and the reasons why they are considered as the organs of heredity?
Genetic significance of chromosomes:
The chromosomes are considered as the organs of heredity because of the following reasons:
They form the only link between the two generations.
A diploid chromosome set consists of two morphologically similar (except the X and Y sex chromosomes) sets, one is derived from the mother and the another from the father at fertilization.
The genetic material, DNA or RNA is localized in the chromosome and its contents are relatively constant from one generation to the next.
The chromosomes maintain and replicate the genetic information contained in their DNA molecule and this information is transcribed at the right time in proper sequence into the specific types of RNA molecules which directs the synthesis of different types of proteins to form a body form like the parents.
Hence, from the above reasons it is considered that of all the cellular organelles the chromosome is considered as the structure most likely to serve as the genetic material or as its carrier.
The chromosome is defined as a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.