Question

1.Explain the four sorts of alienation under capitalism (one sentence each), according to Marx.

2. Explain the Marxist exploitation argument, as presented by Will Kymlicka.

brief explanation

Answer 1

1)Alienation of the worker from their product: A worker has nothing to do in the design and development of a product.A worker does not have control over what he or she intends to produce or the specifications of his or her product.

2. Alienation of the worker from the act of production: The production of goods and services within a capitalist society is repetitive and mechanical that offers little to no psychological satisfaction to the worker.

3. Alienation of the worker from their species-essence: Under a capitalist mode of production, an individual losses identity and the opportunity for self-development as he or she is embarked to sell his or her labor-power as a market commodity.

4. Alienation of the worker from other workers: The reduction of labor to a mere market commodity creates the so-called labor market( in pure economic terms ) in which a workers compete each other. Labor is merely traded in a competitive labor market rather than considering it as a constructive socioeconomic activity constituted by collective common effort. 2 )

Marxian philosophy is in the wake of a resurge in a neoliberal atmosphere. Sticking to this reality in the latest edition of Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction, political philosopher Will Kymlicka presents the core conceptions of analytical Marxism in a chapter exclusively for the discussion of contemporary Marxist theory . Concept of Marxian justice is the key topic covered in Kymlicka’s book , itself is a question of hot debate surrounding the question whether Marx intended in his conception of communism to make a concession to an underlying, albeit unmentioned, concept of justice?
Among the deepest concerns held in contention by both traditional and modern marxian schools envisaged on the role capitalist exploitation played in revised formulations of Marxist political theory. The philosophy of analytical Marxist, John Roemer, highlights the debate on exploitation, which is being conducted currently; therefore Roemer’s own conception of just what Marxist exploitation truly entails is of great importance at this time.
As a response to criticisms of his new conception of the property-relations definition of exploitation, Roemer spelled the following amended version of his property-relations (PR) definition of exploitation in the above said article entitled “Second Thoughts on Property Relations and Exploitation

Objections to Roemer’s new property-relations definition of exploitation

Even though Roemer presented this version of the property-relations (PR) definition of
exploitation in second edition, his conception of capitalist exploitation has witnessed critique mostly from two perspectives, namely (1) a perspective that disagrees with the whole of Roemer’s approach on the grounds that it is fundamentally a-Marxist and (2) a perspective that disagrees only with particular elements of Roemer’s approach. , for the sake of ease in evaluation, the remaining discussion proceeds to the former as the a-Marxist critique and the latter as the particular-principles critique. Consider first the criticisms from the a-Marxist critique.

a-Marxist critique

Marx never intended his theory to include a concession to a principle of justice in the first place, while the second is that Roemer has strayed so far from traditional conceptions of Marxism , thus he can no longer even be considered a Marxist theorist. The first of these objections – that Marx paid no heed to a principle of justice in his condemnation of capitalist exploitation remains deeply entrenched in debate. On the one hand, the social theory (Marxism)is a portrayal of a value free sociology.