In a study women were identified who had been diagnosed with Cervical Cancer through the Cancer...

In a study women were identified who had been diagnosed with Cervical Cancer through the Cancer Registry. Women with skin cancer were used as controls. The study then received past medical histories on HPV status, which was collected through an outstanding health department. (And they somehow had access to these records and could link them.)
Calculation B
Cervical Cancer Cases Controls (No Cervical Cancer) Total
HPV 1200 9800 11,000
No HPV 400 7600 8,000
1,600 17,400 19,000

1. What type of study is this?
a. cross-sectional
b. case report/series
c. ecologic
d. case-control
e. cohort
f. clinical trial
g. community intervention

2. What is the most appropriate measure of association?
a. odd ratio
b. relative risk
c. Attributable risk
d. none of these

3. Calculate the measure of association (use two decimal places).

4. How would you best describe the relationship between the exposure and the outcome?
a. no relationship
b. positive relationship
c. negative relationship

5. If appropriate, calculate the attributable risk per 1000 people (use 2 decimal places).

Solutions

Expert Solution

The given study is a d. case-control study since cases (cancer cases) are compared with controls (no cancer) in order to establish a relationship between a risk factor and the disease.
The most appropriate measure of association in this situation is a.Odds ratio, as it is the ratio of odds of something happening when some factor is present and when it is not present; for instance, cancer cases and controls with HPV and no HPV (as shown in the calculation below). Another helpful measure is b. relative risk since it compares the risk in exposed and non-exposed group, i.e. HPV and no HPV. However, in this case, Odds ratio will be more helpful.
Odds ratio calculations -
Odds for Cancer cases with HPV / Odds for Cancer cases with no HPV
= (Cancer_HPV/Control_HPV)/(Cancer_no _HPV/Control_no _HPV)
= (1200/9800)/(400/7600) = 0.123/0.053 = 2.32 (approx.)
Hence, the odds of cancer with HPV is 2.32 times the odds of cancer with no HPV. This shows a b. positive relationship between the esposure and the outcome.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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