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In: Biology

What does it mean to have a 2 or 3 year growing season cycle in plants...

What does it mean to have a 2 or 3 year growing season cycle in plants ? What are consequences and examples if there occur any syndrome because of having 2 or 3 year growing cycle of a tree?

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What does it mean to have a 2 or 3-year growing season cycle in plants?

Plants are also often classified based on their growth cycle. The time it takes is measured in growing seasons. For example, Biennials require 2 growing seasons (usually summer) to produce seed. The two growing seasons are separated by a period of little to no growth while the plants are subjected to cold temperatures. This exposure to cold induce or facilitate flowering and subsequent seed production is called vernalization.

In the first year, these plants are only vegetative, meaning that they don't produce reproductive structures. Rather, these plants will grow roots below ground and a small rosette of leaves near the surface. This growth occurs during a traditional growing season, such as the wet or warm season. At the end of the first growing season, the above-ground part of the plant may die back; however, the roots remain.

During the second year of growth, the plant stem elongates and flowers and seeds are produced. Biennial plants in the second year of growth appear to be more like what you may think of them as.

What are consequences and examples if there occur any syndrome because of having 2 or 3-year growing cycle of a tree?

Biennial bearing is a problem in some fruit trees, particularly apple and pears, where they crop heavily in one year and then produce little or nothing the next. Without a crop to support in any one year, trees use their resources to produce flower buds leading to tremendous blossom the following year. The resulting heavy crop reduces the tree’s resources so that little blossom is made the following year. Some cultivars are naturally biennial but weather conditions and soil fertility can contribute to the problems.

Consequences, as mentioned before, could be small fruit size, excess weight in the main branches can causing them to break, and flower induction could be lower.


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