Question

1. Renin is released from the

a. macula densa cells

b. juxtaglomerular cells

c. hepatic cells

d. none of the above

2. JG cells are located in which of the following locations?

a. DCT

b. efferent arterioles

c. afferent arterioles

d. proximal tubules

3. When blood pressure decreases

a. renin release is decreased

b. renin release is increased

c. ACE activity is decreased

d. none of the above

4. When angiotensin II increases, the radius of the efferent arteriole

a. decreases

b. increases

c. does not change

d. There is no relationship between the radius of the arteriole and angiotensin II levels

5. Efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction

a. increases GFR

b. decreases GFR

c. decreases the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries

d. none of the above

6. Ang I has how many amino acids?

a. 10

b. 8

c. 14

d. 12

7. The lungs contain which of the following enzymes?

a. ACE Inhibitor

b. ACE

c. renin

d. none of the above

8. Angiotensin 2is a secondary secretagogue for the release of which of the following hormones?

a. thyroxine

b. aldosterone

c. ACTH

d. none of the above

9. Aldosterone

a. increases sodium reabsorption

b. decreases water reabsorption

c. decreases blood pressure

d. increases hematocrit

10. Which of the following hormone is lipid-soluble?

a. insulin

b. aldosterone

c. ACTH

d. PTH

Answer 1

1- Renin is released from the

Ans- b. juxtaglomerular cells

The juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells, or granular cells) are cells in the kidney that synthesize, store, and secrete the enzyme renin.

2- JG cells are located in which of the following locations?

Ans- c. afferent arterioles

The juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells, or granular cells) are cells in the kidney that synthesize, store, and secrete the enzyme renin. They are specialized smooth muscle cells mainly in the walls of the afferent arterioles (and some in the efferent arterioles) that deliver blood to the glomerulus.

3- When blood pressure decreases

Ans- b. renin release is increased

A reduction in afferent arteriole pressure causes the release of renin from the JG cells, whereas increased pressure inhibits renin release.

4- When angiotensin II increases, the radius of the efferent arteriole

Ans- a. decreases

5- Efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction

Ans- a. increases GFR

constriction of the efferent arteriole would build up pressure upstream, which, in turn, may increase capillary hydrostatic pressure and GFR.

6- Ang I has how many amino acids?

Ans- a. 10

7- The lungs contain which of the following enzymes?

Ans- b. ACE

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a central role in generating angiotensin II from angiotensin I, and capillary blood vessels in the lung are one of the major sites of ACE expression and angiotensin II production in the human body.

8- Angiotensin 2is a secondary secretagogue for the release of which of the following hormones?

Ans- b. aldosterone

9- Aldosterone

Ans- a. increases sodium reabsorption

Aldosterone causes an increase in salt and water reabsorption into the bloodstream from the kidney thereby increasing the blood volume, restoring salt levels and blood pressure.

10- Which of the following hormone is lipid-soluble?

Ans- b. aldosterone

Most lipid hormones are steroid hormones, which are usually ketones or alcohols and are insoluble in water. Steroid hormones include estradiol, testosterone, aldosterone, and cortisol.