Question

40. Primary aldosteronism leads to

a. hypernatremia

b. hyponatremia

c. hyperkalemia

d. none of the above

39. Hypernatremia secondary to increased sodium intake can lead to

a. increased hematocrit

b. decreased hematocrit

c. increased plasma proteins

d. none of the above

38. Slow changes in the extracellulular fluid tonicity

a. have a huge effect on a cell

b. are clinically significant

c. causes major neurological complication

d. none of the above

37. Hyponatremia can cause

a. brain herniation

b. swelling of brain cells

c. alteration in level of consciousness

d. all of the above

36. Extracellular hypertonicity increases gene expression encoding for which of the following proteins?

a. Na/H exchanger

b. Na/K ATPase pump

c. glucose transporter

d. none of the above

35. Hypernatremia causes

a. water to move out of brain cells

b. water to move into the brain cells

c. brain hemorrhage

d. both a and b

34. The average plasma sodium concentration is approximately

a. 140 mmol/liter

b. 3.0 mmol/liter

c.5.5 mmol/L

d. 53.5 mmol/liter

33. Hyponatremia can result from which of the following ?

a. increased water intake

b. decreased water intake

c. increase salt intake

d. none of the above

Answer 1

Qn33.

Hyponatremia can result from a. Increased water intake.

Hyponatremia is a condition in which blood sodium level is too low. Excaess water intake dilutes the amount of sodium in blood and causes the level of sodium to be low.

Qn34.

The average plasma sodium concentration is approximately 140mmol/liter.

Qn35.

Hypernatremia causes water to move out of brain cells.

Hypernatremia is high concentration of sodium in blood. Causes due to low water intake .

Qn36.

Extracellular hypertonicity increases gene expression encoding for None of the above.

Hypertonic extracellular solution means solute concentration is high in extracellular fluid than inside of the cell. So the inside water moves outside through plasma membrane to make the environment isotonic. For this process more water channels needed. So hypertonic extracellular fluid increases gene expression encoding for Aquaporins.

Qn37 .

Hyponatremia can cause  All of the above.

Qn39.

Hypernatremia secondary to increased sodium intake can lead to Increased hematocrit.

Qn40.

Primary Aldosteronism leads to Hypernatremia .

Primary aldosteronism is increased level of aldosterone, it is also called as primary hyperaldosteronism. It causes hypertension, increased blood pH, increased levels of sodium in blood.