Question

5. Explain how cell division is different in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Also, compare the DNA of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

Answer 1

Ans: Cell division is simpler in prokaryotes than eukaryotes,Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome, no nucleus, and few other organelles. Eukaryotic cells, in contrast, have multiple chromosomes contained within a nucleus, and many other organelles. Most prokaryotic cells divide by the process of binary fission. In binary fission just before the cell divides, its DNA is DNA replicated after trhen chromosome segregated to opposite ends. A new plasma membrane starts growing into the center of the cell, and the cytoplasm splits apart, forming two daughter cells.

In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two major steps: mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is a multi-phase process in which the nucleus of the cell divides. During mitosis, the nuclear membrane breaks down and later reforms. The chromosomes are also sorted and separated to ensure that each daughter cell receives a diploid number of chromosomes. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.

A prokaryotic chromosome is circular and resides in a cell region (cytoplasm) called the nucleoid and not bound with proteins and therefore doesn't form chromatin. It contain little repetitive DNA and no introns and also contains extra-chromosomal plasmids in circular in shape. Eukaryotic chromosome contained within a nucleus,bound to histone proteins. Genomes contain large amounts of non-coding and repetitive DNA (including introns).Do not contain plasmids and linear in shape.