In: Finance
In your own words, explain the differences between a broker, a dealer, and a specialist. When can a specialist act like a dealer and when can he act like a broker? Provide an example.
The difference in broker, dealer & market maker is listed below :
Broker | Dealer | Market maker |
A broker executes trades on behalf of others | A dealer trades o his own behalf | Market maker acts as a wholesaler providing liquidity to buyers and sellers |
A broker earns brokerage on the trades done by his clients (Commission) - either a buy or a sell. | A Dealer earns profit or loss on the trades done by him | A Market maker earns by charging spreads on Buy & Sell. He provides the Bid /Ask rates. The differential in bid/ ask is his earning |
Broker makes purchases / sales on the wish of clients | Dealer makes purchase / sale on his own wish | Market maker provides liquidity (acts as a buyer for sellers and seller for buyers, if they are not available) and prices for both buyers and sellers |
Brokers are regulated and licensed by regulatory Authorities | Dealers need to follow the Regulatory guidelines | Market makers need to follow regulatory guidelines |
A market maker acts as a broker when he is executing orders on behalf of his clients or brokers
A market maker acts as a dealer when he is buying or selling in his own account. If there are no buyers, but sellers only, market maker becomes a buyer. If market doesn't have sellers and only buyers, market maker becomes the seller (the counter party to a trade)
If Buy/ sell rates are 45.02 / 45.04, the spread of 0.02 per share is the earning of market maker