In: Biology
Time |
Genus |
Species |
Cranial Capacity |
Important Features |
World Locations/Comments |
Ardipithecus |
Ramidus vs Orrorin vs Sahelanthropus (Toumai) |
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Australopithecus |
anamensis |
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Australopithecus |
afarensis |
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Australopithecus |
africanus garhi |
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Paranthropus (australopithecus in our Larsen text) |
aethiopicus robustus boisei – nutcracker man |
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Homo |
habilis (Early Homo) |
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Homo |
Erectus (sometimes you hear Homo ergaster as an early version but this is going away) |
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Homo |
neanderthalensis |
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Homo |
sapiens (Anatomically Modern Human) |
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Homo |
floresiensis |
Time | genus | species | cranial capacity | important features | world locations |
4.4 million years ago | Ardipithecus |
Ramidus vs Orrorin vs Sahelanthropus (Toumai) |
300 to 350 cubic centimeters | They have a big grasping toe as an adaptation to climb trees,skeleton reflect an adaptation to bipedalism and has reduced canine teeth. | First fossil found in the middle awash area of ethiopia. |
between 4.2 and 3.8 million years ago |
Australopithecus | anamensis | unknown | oldest australopithecus species.Have common traits of apes and humans.Long forearm and indications of bipedal walking,human like orientation of ankle joint | First fossil discovered from kanapoi in northern Kenya.then from ethiopia |
4 to 3 million years ago | Australopithecus | afarensis | 415 cc | long,strong arms with curved fingers,ape like face projection,small canine teeth,stood on twolegs and often walked upright. | found in east and northeast africa. |
between 3 and 2 million years ago | Australopithecus |
africanus |
461 cc | slightly curved finger and toe bones,long arms,ability to walk on two legs | fossils found in south africa |
2.5 milion years ago | Australopithecus | garhi | 450 cc | longer arms than legs | found in the middle awash of ethiopia |
between2.7 to 2.5 million years ago | Paranthropus | aethiopicus | 410 cc | strong protruding face,strong jawssagittal crest on top of skull | found in ethiopia and kenya |
2.4 to 1.5 million years ago | Homo | habilis | 500 to nearly 800 cc | slightly large brain case with smaller face and teeth,human like bones and long arms | They inhabited parts of africa nad fossils found from tamzania |
2 million years ago | Homo | erectus | 850 cc | skeleon similar to humans,wide fleshy nose,flat face with prominent ridges on skull | fossils found across the world like south africa,kenya,spain,china and java |
about 2.6 million to 11,700 years ago | Homo | neanderthalis | 1500 cc | closest extinct human relative,long and low skull,brow ridge over their eyes,big and wide nose.Adapted to cold | first fossil found in the feldhofer cave of the neander valley,germany.They were distributed across eurasia. |
3,00000 to 1,60,000years ago | Homo | sapiens | 1350 cc | back of skull is rounded,orbits are square than round,face is small with projecting nose bone. | Fossil found from africa and many other sites of world |
1,00,000 to 60,000 years ago | Homo | floresiensis | 417 cc | large teeth with no chin,receding foreheads and large feet for short legs. | Fossils were found on the islands of Flores,Indonesia. |