In: Finance
Harry Carson is analyzing Tucson Corp., a manufacturing firm which follows US GAAP. He has gathered the financial information shown below in Exhibits 1, 2, and 3. Corporate income is taxed at a flat rate of 28%.
Exhibit 1: Tucson's current capital structure
Market Value (millions) |
Required return |
|
Bonds |
$500 |
4.0% |
Common stock |
$700 |
7.0% |
Total Capital |
$1,200 |
Exhibit 2: Selected financial data for Tucson (20X6)
(millions) |
|
Revenues |
$1,604 |
Depreciation expense |
$50 |
Interest expense |
$13 |
Fixed capital investment |
$80 |
Net income available to common shareholders |
$145 |
Exhibit 3: Selected balance sheet data for Tuscon
As of 31 December (in millions) |
20X6 |
20X5 |
Cash and cash equivalents |
$118 |
$105 |
Accounts receivable |
$265 |
$234 |
Inventories |
$589 |
$583 |
Total current assets |
$972 |
$922 |
Accounts payable |
$74 |
$63 |
Notes payables |
$70 |
$83 |
Other current liabilities |
$507 |
$506 |
Total current liabilities |
$651 |
$652 |
Carson then talks to his colleague, Mitchell Saunders, who forecasts that Tuscon's net income will be $160 million in 20X7 and that the following assumptions can be made for 20X7 and beyond:
Carson then asks another colleague, Wendy Pritchard, about the
proper method to value the firm. Pritchard makes the following
statements:
Statement 1: "Tucson pays dividends that are closely linked to its
capacity to pay dividends since its Board of Directors have
approved a constant dividend payout ratio policy. Therefore, free
cash flow methods are preferred. Dividend discount models are
invalid."
Statement 2: "Tucson’s capital structure seems unstable since it
might issue a large amount of long-term debt in the next couple of
years. Therefore, Tucson should use the FCFE method rather than the
FCFF method to value the company."
Statement 3: "The market consensus is that a private equity firm
intends to acquire a large share of Tucson stock to take control of
the company. Therefore, free cash flow measures are more
appropriate than dividend discount models."
Finally, while discussing alternative methods of computing free
cash flow with Pritchard, Carson makes the following comment: “We
must adjust for after-tax interest since interest paid is
considered an operating cash flow under US GAAP. Also, Tucson has
just announced that it will take more tax deductions than assumed
when reporting its deferred tax asset. Tucson would most accurately
estimate free cash flow by subtracting the deferred tax asset from
its free cash flows.”
Questions: Are Pritchard’s statements (statement 1, 2, and 3) about valuation methodology accurate? justify
Is Carson’s comment about calculating free cash flows from operating cash flows correct? Why
Statement 1 is incorrect, because constant dividend policy is that which pays some percentage of earnings of a company. If company reports higher earnings, the dividend goes up and if reports lower earnings, dividends goes down. So, we can use dividend discount model for the valuation.
Statement 2 is also incorrect. If the capital structure is volatile, we cant use the FCF valuation models.
Statement 3 is correct. The one who holds a major stake, can dictate the dividend policy of the firm. Hence, Free cash flow model is used for the valuation. Dividend discount model is used for the minority shareholders.
The formula for FCFF nd FCFE are mentione below
Hence, after tax interest should be adjusted but not the deffered tax asset to arrive at the Free cash flow