Question

Introduction
Through a series of activities we will examine some of the principles of genetics and techniques developed by geneticists to predict mating outcomes and understand how genetic information is passed from generation to generation.
Before coming to lab, refer to your textbook or other references and write definitions for the following words on a separate sheet of paper: chromosome, genes, locus, allele, dominant allele, recessive allele, genotype, phenotype, gamete, haploid, diploid, monohybrid, dihybrid, homozygous, heterozygous, linked genes, autosomal chromosomes, sex chromosomes, sex-linkage, and homologous chromosomes. Turn in these definitions next week with your report sheet.

Answer 1

Chromosome: In nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes.Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

Gene: A gene is the basic physical and fuctional unit of heredity.Genes are made up of DNA.Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called protein.

Locus: locus is a fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located.

Allele: An allele is a variant form of a gene.Some gene have a variety of different forms,which are located at the same position or gentic locus ,on a chromosome.

Dominant allele:A dominant allele is a variation of a gene that will produce a certain phenotype,even in the presence of other alleles.

Recessive allele: A recessive allele is a version of a gene which must be homozygous when inherited in order to be expressed in the phenotype.

Genotype:Genotype is a collection of genes responsible for the various genetic traits of a given organism.Genotype refers specifically to the gene.

Phenotype:Phenotype is defined as the observable and measurable characterstics of an organism as a result of the interaction of the gene of organism.

Gamete:Gamets are an organism's reproductice cells.They are also refered to as sex cells.

Haploid:Haploid is term used when cell has half the usual number of chromosomes.After meiosis,the number of chromosome isn gamets is halved.

Diploid:A diploid cell is a cell that contain two complete sets of chromosomes.This is doubled the haploid chromosomes number.

Monohybrid: Monohybrid cross is a cross between parents differing in only one trait or in which only one trait is being considered.

Dihybrid:Dihybrid cross is a cross between parents in which two pairs of contrasting characters are studied simultaneously for inheritance pattern.

Homozygous:It is word that refer to a particular gene that has identical alleles on both homologus chromosoes.

Heterozygous:If two alleles are different from one another,they are hetrozygous.

Linked gene: they are the gene that are likely to be inherited together because they are physiclly close to one another on same chromosome.

Autosomal chromosome: An autosome is any of the numbered chromosomes,as opposed to the sex chromosomes.

Sex chromosome: It is a chromosome that differ from an ordinary autosome in form ,size,and behavior.The human sex chromosomes,a typical pair of mammal allosomes,determine the sex of an individual created in sexual reproduction

Sex linkage:It is describes the sex-specific patterns of inheritance and presentation when a gene mutation is present on a sex chromosome rather than a non-sex chromosome.

Homologus chromosomes: A couple of homologous chromosomes, or homologs,are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization.