Question

3/. The hypothalam0-hypophyseal portal system

a. Allows hypothalamic releasing hormone to directly stimulate the anterior pituitary without entering the systemic circulation

b. Provides a directly blood supply between the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland

c. Allows for negative pituitary feedback regulation between the posterior and anterior pituitary

d. None of above

4/An example of a short-loop negative feedback is:

a. Cortisol inhibition of ACTH release

b. IGF inhibition of GHRH release

c. TSH inhibition of TRH release

d. Increased blood glucose inhibition of insulin release

5/The structure of the thyroid gland is unique for an endocrine gland that it:

a. Produces three hormones

b. Stores its hormones as extrscellular colloid

c. It does not participate in negative feedback regulation with the hypothalamus

d. Is actually an exocrine gland

6/Calcitonin, a hormone produced by C-cells (parafollicular) of the thyroid gland causes:

a. Decrease urinary excretion of calcium

b. Glucose uptake

c. Increased calcium absorption from the intestine

d. Increased calcium transport from blood to bone

7 Cortisol, which is secreted during the stress response, cause the following effects:

a. Fat catabolism (lipolysis) occurs in adipose tissue

b. Protein catabolism occurs in muscle

c. The immuse system is suppressed

d. All of the above are true

Answer 1

Hi Answer:

3.The hypothalam0-hypophyseal portal system

Answer: Option A & B. a. Allows hypothalamic releasing hormone to directly stimulate the anterior pituitary without entering the systemic circulation. b. Provides a directly blood supply between the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland

Explanation: It is a complex system of blood vessels in the microcirculation at the base of the brain, which connects the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary. Its main function is to quickly transport and exchange of hormones between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland.

4. An example of a short-loop negative feedback is:

Answer: Option C. TSH inhibition of TRH release

Explanation: it is referred as the hypothalamic-pituitary system of hormones. It works on a small cascade system. The first hypothalamus realizes the thing which must be corrected so it releases the hormone and it reaches to pituitary then pituitary release a different hormone which travels throughout the body and activates the specific endocrine glands. The gland then secrets the particular hormone which causes the release of another hormone.

5. The structure of the thyroid gland is unique for an endocrine gland that it:

Answer: Option A. Produces three hormones

Explanation: It is the key player in the endocrine system. It produces 3 hormones which is very much important for the proper metabolic function of the body. These hormones are thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin. The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) controls the production of T3 and T4. These T3 and T4 are circulated around the body where they regulate the protein production and growth of various cells. T3 & T4 production is controlled by the negative feedback loop. The 3rd one is Calcitonin which regulates the calcium concentration in the body.

6.Calcitonin, a hormone produced by C-cells (parafollicular) of the thyroid gland causes:

Answer: Option D Increased calcium transport from blood to bone

Explanation: Calcitonin maintains the calcium level in blood. It is Released from the thyroid gland in response to high blood calcium levels, Inhibits osteoclast activity in the bone connective tissue, less calcium released from bone into the blood and raises the calcium transport from blood to bones so that the blood calcium can be managed. It also stimulates kidneys to increase the loss of calcium in the urine.

7.Cortisol, which is secreted during the stress response, cause the following effects:

Answer: Option D. All of the above

Explanation: It is a steroid hormone and produced in humans by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex within the adrenal gland. It is released in response to stress and low blood-glucose concentration. It increases the blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, It suppresses the immune system, and to help in the carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism. It reduces the bone formation