Question

Explain PCR to 10 years old child with all details.. i need where it is used, what type knowledge we can learn on pcr samples, how does it work please give me a long text thx

Answer 1

Ans. Polymerase chain reaction is a process that is used to amplify DNA sequences with the help of very unique enzyme named as Polymerase. They are conducted in 3 steps :

1. Denaturation : The stage in which the double stranded DNA that was isolated from the organism is denatured and broken to single strand DNA. This step is carried at temperature more than or 94o C to 96o C, kept for 30 to 60 seconds.
2. Hybridization or Anneling : The Primer is added to the target DNA fragment or sequences at temperature 54o C to let the primer anneal to 3' of DNA strand (target template). This is done to both the single strand DNA produced after the Denaturation simultaneously. Then each copy will be the template in the next cycle. This primer annealing is also dependent on the melting temperature of primer i.e. 50o C to 60o C.
3. Elongation : New strands are made using the original single strands using the enzyme polymerase. The nucleotides are added to the DNA sequences and they are joined to single DNA strands to form complementary sequences with the help of Taq Polymerase. Taq polymerase can withstand high temperature as it is isolated from thermophilic bacteria called Thermus aquaticus. It takes place at 72o C. The polymerase add nuecleotides in direction 5' to 3' end.

Application :

• Selective DNA isolation
• Amplifcation and qualification of DNA
• Paternity disputes
• To diagnose the genetic mutation in the DNA sequences of an individual.

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